南通市食源性疾病影响因素的病例对照研究

A case-control study on the influencing factors of foodborne diseases in Nantong City

目的探索影响南通市食源性疾病发病的影响因素,为进一步有效预防食源性疾病提供科学依据。方法2021—2022年采用1∶1配比的病例对照研究方法,对食源性疾病实验室确诊病例和对照进行调查分析。利用统一的调查问卷面对面询问被调查者的基本情况、食品卫生习惯和流行病学史等内容。采用χ^(2)检验进行单因素分析,采用多因素条件logistic回归进行多因素分析。结果共收集140对病例和对照,单因素分析显示饭前便后洗手、刀具/砧板生熟混用、经常清洗家中冰箱、有生食和半生食水产品习惯、经常锻炼身体、发病前3d在路边摊位购买食物及发病前3d进食外卖食品与食源性疾病散发有关。多因素回归分析显示刀具/砧板生熟混用(OR=1.963,95%CI:1.121~3.439),有生食和半生食水产品习惯(OR=3.678,95%CI:1.797~7.527),发病前3d在路边摊位购买食物(OR=3.184,95%CI:1.149~8.828)及发病前3d进食外卖食品(OR=2.114,95%CI:1.111~4.020)为食源性疾病发病的危险因素。经常锻炼身体(OR=0.190,95%CI:0.102~0.356)是食源性疾病发病的保护因素。结论应针对公众开展家庭食品安全健康教育,加强对路边摊位和外卖食品安全监管,减少食源性疾病的发生。

Objective To explore the influencing factors affecting the incidence of foodborne diseases in Nantong City,and to provide a scientific basis for further effective prevention of foodborne diseases.Methods A 1∶1 case-control study methodology was conducted to investigate and analyze laboratory-confirmed cases and controls of foodborne diseases from 2021 to 2022.A unified questionnaire was used to ask the respondents face-to-face about their basic situation,food hygiene habits and epidemiological history.χ^(2) test was used for univariate analysis and a multivariate conditional logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis.Results A total of 140 pairs of cases and controls were collected.The univariate analysis showed that washing hands before meals and after excrement discharge,cutting tool or chopping board with mixed use of raw and cooked food,frequent cleaning of the refrigerator at home,habitual consumption of raw and semi-raw aquatic products,regular physical exercise,purchasing food from roadside stalls 3 days before onset of symptoms,and ordering and eating take-out foods 3 days before onset of symptoms were related to the spread of foodborne disease.Multivariate regression analysis showed that the cutting tool and chopping board with mixed mixed use of raw and cooked food(OR=1.963,95%CI:1.121-3.439),the habit of eating raw and semi-raw aquatic products(OR=3.678,95%CI:1.797-7.527),purchasing food from roadside stalls 3 days before onset of symptoms(OR=3.184,95%CI:1.149-8.828)and eating take-out foods 3 days before onset of symptoms(OR=2.114,95%CI:1.111-4.020)were risk factors for the development of foodborne diseases.Regular physical exercise(OR=0.190,95%CI:0.102-0.356)was a protective factor for the development of foodborne diseases.Conclusion Health education on food safety within the family should be targeted at the public,and the safety supervision of roadside stalls and takeout food should be strengthened to reduce the occurrence of foodborne diseases.