不同国家护士执业权限的比较

Comparison of scope of nurse practice in different countries

目的对各国护士执业权限政策及文献进行比较研究,为优化国内护士执业权限的扩展提供参考。方法系统PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据库以及各国的护理政策组织网站中护士执业的相关文献。检索时限为建库至2023年6月。结果共纳入6个国家的19篇文献。共纳入注册种类及要求、执业方式、处方权限、监管部门、相关法律等要素。对我国护士分层管理的启示主要包括完善分层注册及管理体系,明确护士工作职责;引导护理人才合理流动,鼓励护士多点执业;培养护士处方能力,赋予护士处方权限;完善监管与法律保护,保证护士执业有法律可依共4个方面。结论我国护士团队亟需执业权限的补充,补充基层医疗卫生人才,承担起慢病患者的个案管理、改善患者的生活质量等职能,满足社区、家庭护理需求的重任。

Objective To compare the policies and literature on scope of nurse practice in various countries,so as to provide reference for optimizing the expansion of scope of nurse practice in China.Methods Literature on nurse practice was systematically searched on PubMed,Web of Science,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,WanFang Data,and nursing policy organization websites in various countries.The search period was from database establishment to June 2023.Results A total of 19 articles from six countries were included.There were elements such as registration types and requirements,practice methods,prescription authority,supervision departments,and relevant laws.The inspiration for the hierarchical management of nurses in China mainly included four aspects:improving the hierarchical registration and management system,clarifying the job responsibilities of nurses;guiding the reasonable flow of nursing talents,encouraging multi-site practice in nurses;cultivating nurses'prescription ability and granting them prescription authority;improving supervision and legal protection to ensure that nurses practiced in accordance with the law.Conclusions It is urgent to expand the practice scope of the nursing team in our country,supplement grassroots medical and health talents,undertake the functions of case management for chronic patients,improve the quality of life of patients,and meet the important task of community and family nursing needs.