论史诗基本格的建构进路——基于藏族“酒供传统”的讨论

On the Construction Approach of Epic Basic Case--Discussion based on Tibetan“Tradition of libation”

史诗基本格是指晚近口头传统研究中所讨论的史诗文类的基本品格问题。学者将史诗基本格界定为“崇高的格调”,认为在口头传统多种文类中,史诗“崇高的格调”是其脱颖而出、占据文类等级秩序高位的主要原因。值得注意的是,当下学者对史诗基本格的探讨大多处于只可意会不可言传的阶段,并未阐明何谓“崇高的格调”以及如何建构“崇高的格调”等问题。文章基于格萨尔史诗文本中反复出现的“酒供传统”这一典型场景,借助晚近史诗研究“语境转向”的相关成果,从语言构境,即“言即是行”和“文本构境”以及藏族本土诗歌技法出发,探讨史诗基本格的建构进路问题。

The Epic Basic Case refers to the basic character of the epic genre discussed in the recent oral tradition research.Scholars define the basic style of epic as“lofty style”,and believe that among the various oral traditional genres,the“lofty style”of epic is the main reason for it stands out and occupies the high level of genre hierarchy.It is worth noting that most of the current scholars’discussions on the basic style of epics are in a stage that can only be understood and unspeakable,and do not clarify what is the“lofty style”and how to construct the“lofty style”.Based on the typical scene of the recurring“tradition of libation”in Gesar’s epic texts,and with the help of the relevant achievements of the“context turn”of recent epic research,this paper discusses the construction of the basic case of epic from the perspective of language construction,namely“speech is action”,“text construction”and Tibetan local poetry techniques.