地球表层系统开放科学数据目录关联网络构建研究进展

Research Progress of Construction of an Association Network of Open Scientific Data Catalogues for the Earth Surface System

快速发现、挖掘并利用海量地球表层系统(以下简称“地表系统”)开放科学数据,是大数据时代下地表系统开放科学数据共享新的发展趋势和前沿研究方向。地表系统开放科学数据具有组织分散、多源异构、多模态、多类型等特性,通常以专题共享网站、数据服务、元数据、期刊论文(特别是数据论文)等形式存在,研究发展适应不同模态的地表系统开放数据挖掘方法、分析其共享质量是充分利用这些数据的关键科学问题。关联网络为地表系统开放科学数据的语义互联和知识发现提供了有力的支撑,其以元数据URI(Uniform Resource Identifier)为节点,元数据间的语义关系为边,节点间关联性的强弱作为边的值。本文从地表系统开放科学数据关联网络构建角度出发,对其发展现状、基本特征和构建技术进行了调研与分析。首先选取国内外典型关联网络和相关文献作为研究对象,根据所选取的9个主流关联网络和200余篇相关文献,从关联网络的基本特征和构建技术2个方面进行比较分析。在基本特征方面,分析了关联网络的数据来源、自动化程度和更新方式;在构建技术方面,介绍了关联指标的选择,讨论了地表系统开放科学数据特征的提取、表示和计算方法。最后提出了未来地表系统关联网络构建的建议,包括构建高质量、全覆盖的地表系统开放科学数据本体、考虑顾及“时间-空间-内容”地学知识复杂关系及推理、建立面向多语言的地表系统开放科学数据关联网络方法以及提升地表系统开放科学数据关联网络应用成效等。

With the new generation of information technologies,such as earth observation,IoT monitoring,the Internet,5G,and the deepening of the concept of open data sharing,there has been an explosive growth of openly shared earth surface system data on the web,and open big data on the earth surface system has taken shape.Rapid discovery,mining,and utilization of massive open scientific data of the earth surface system(hereinafter referred to as"surface system")is a new development trend and frontier research direction of scientific data sharing of surface system in the era of big data.The open scientific data of surface system has the characteristics of decentralized organization,multi-source heterogeneity,multi-modality,and multi-type,and usually exists in the form of thematic sharing websites,data services,metadata,journal papers(especially data papers),etc.The research on the development of open data mining methods for surface system adapted to different modalities and the analysis of its sharing quality are key scientific issues to make full use of these data.The association network provides a powerful support for semantic interconnection and knowledge discovery of open scientific data of surface system,which takes metadata Uniform Resource Identifier(URI)as nodes,semantic relationship between metadata as edges,and the strength of association between nodes as the value of edges.This paper investigates and analyzes the current development status,basic features,and construction technology from the perspective of construction of open scientific data association network of surface system.We select typical association networks and related literatures at home and abroad as the research objects.Based on the selected nine mainstream association networks and more than 200 related literatures,we make a comparative analysis from the aspects of basic features of the association networks and the construction technology.In terms of basic features,the data source,automation degree,and updating method of the association networks are analyzed;in terms of construction technology,the selection of association indexes is introduced,and the methods of extracting,representing,and calculating the features of open scientific data of the surface system are discussed.Finally,recommendations for future construction of the surface system association network are put forward,including construction of a high-quality and full-coverage surface system open scientific data ontology,consideration of"time-space-content"geoscientific knowledge complex relationship and reasoning,establishment of a multi-language surface system open data association network method,and enhancement of the effectiveness of the surface system open scientific data association network application.