2650 MHz射频辐射对小鼠行为学和海马神经递质释放的影响

Effects of 2650 MHz radiofrequency radiation on the behavior and hippocampal neurotransmitter release of mice

目的探讨2650 MHz射频暴露对小鼠行为学和神经递质释放的影响。方法采用随机数表法将成年雄性C57BL/6N小鼠分为健康对照组(CON)和射频辐射组(RFR);采用2650 MHz射频电磁场对小鼠进行全身均匀暴露,时间为单次3 h。采用电磁辐射分析仪检测射频辐射平台有效工作区的场强分布;光纤测温仪监测射频暴露过程中小鼠肛温的变化;采用新物体识别、社交偏好和旷场实验检测小鼠认知、社交和情绪的改变;微透析采样和质谱法检测小鼠海马神经递质释放水平的变化;显微镜观察海马组织结构和超微结构的变化。结果本实验条件下射频辐射引起小鼠肛温升高最大为0.61℃,在热安全的范围之内。在新物体识别实验中,射频辐射组小鼠探索新物体的次数占比和时间占比(t=4.50、2.53,P<0.05)均显著下降;社交实验射频辐射组小鼠探索同类的次数(t=0.08,P<0.01)和时间(t=0.03,P<0.05)显著下降;旷场实验射频辐射组小鼠探索中央区域的次数、时间未见明显改变(P>0.05)。与健康对照组相比,射频辐射组小鼠海马5⁃羟色胺释放增加(t=-2.56,P<0.05),乙酰胆碱释放减少(t=2.21,P<0.05),谷氨酸和γ⁃氨基丁酸的释放差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与健康对照组相比,射频辐射组小鼠海马组织结构和突触超微结构未见明显损伤。结论2650 MHz射频辐射引起小鼠认知功能损伤和社交偏好异常,上述变化与射频暴露导致的神经元功能异常和递质释放紊乱相关。

Objective To investigate the effects of 2650 MHz radiofrequency(RF)exposure on the behavior and neurotransmitter release of mice.Methods Adult male C57BL/6N mice were divided into a normal control(CON)group and a radiofrequency radiation(RFR)group using the random number table method.The mice in the RFR group were subjected to single⁃dose whole⁃body exposure to a uniform 2650 MHz RF electromagnetic field for 3 h.During the RF exposure,the field strength in the effective working area of the RF radiation platform was measured using an electromagnetic radiation analyzer,and the changes in the anal temperature of the mice were monitored using an optical fiber thermometer.Moreover,the changes in the cognition,social interaction,and emotion of the mice were determined through the new object recognition test,social preference test,and open field test.Finally,the changes in the hippocampal neurotransmitter release levels of the mice were detected using microdialysis sampling and mass spectrometry,and the changes in the hippocampal tissue structure and ultrastructure were observed via microscopy.Results Under the test conditions,RF radiation improved the anal temperature of the mice,with a maximum increasing amplitude of 0.61℃,falling within the range of thermal safety.The mice in the RFR group experienced a significant decrease in the frequency and time for exploring new objects(t=4.50,2.53,P<0.05)in the new object recognition test,a significant decrease in the frequency(t=0.08,P<0.01)and time(t=0.03,P<0.05)for exploring other mice in the social preference test,and no significant change in the frequency and time for exploring the central area(P>0.05)in the open field test.Compared to the CON group,the RFR group showed an increase in the release of 5⁃hydroxytryptamine(5⁃HT)(t=-2.56,P<0.05)and a decrease in the release of acetylcholine(ACh)(t=2.21,P<0.05),no significant difference in the release of glutamate(Glu)andγ⁃aminobutyric acid(GABA)(P>0.05),and no evident damage to the hippocampal tissue and structure and synaptic ultrastructure.Conclusions 2650 MHz RF radiation may induce cognitive impairment and abnormal social preference in mice,which is attributed to neuronal dysfunctions and neurotransmitter release disorders under RF exposure.