基于装置得分的北太平洋波浪能资源评估

Evaluation of Wave Energy Resources in the North Pacific Based on Device Score

针对波浪能发电量取决于当地波浪特征和波浪能发电装置,而传统单一的波能流密度评估法则只考虑了地区波浪特性,未结合装置加以分析,评估结果偏向理论的问题,本文利用欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, ECMWF)提供的第五代大气再分析数据集(ECMWF Reanalysis v5, ERA5)中的再分析波浪数据,通过装置得分的波浪能评估方法对北太平洋区域1979—2020年波浪能的空间分布进行了分析。结果表明:在本研究所涉及的地区中,纬度较高的地区波能流密度大且装置得分高,本研究所用评估方法的结论同传统评估方法一致,但在中国南海和部分太平洋纬度较低的地区,发电装置有着较好的连续发电条件,发电效率较高。不同装置间的适配区域也有很大不同,AquaBuoy和Pelamis装置的最佳适用区位于北太平洋纬度较高的地区,而Wave Dragon装置的最佳适用区范围更广,在150°E—160°W之间的纬度较低的地区也表现突出。对于中国南海海域,AquaBuoy装置的适配性最好,而北太平洋纬度较高的地区则最适合布置Pelamis装置,北太平洋纬度中游和较低区域最适合布置Wave Dragon装置。

Annual power generation of wave energy usually depends on local wave characteristics and the wave energy converters(WECs),while the traditional wave energy flow density evaluation method only considers the regional wave characteristics and does not combine with the device to analyze.The evaluation results are too theoretical.In order to solve this problem,this paper uses the ERA5 reanalysis wave data provided by ECMWF to evaluate the spatial distribution of wave energy resource in the North Pacific region from 1979 to 2020.The results show that in high latitudes,both the wave energy flux density and the device score are high,it means in this area the conclusions between two evaluation methods are consistent.But in some areas such as the South China Sea and low latitude regions of the North Pacific,the WECs have better continuous working conditions and higher power generation efficiency.The best working area of each devices is also differently.The best application area of AquaBuoy and Pelamis are located in the high latitudes of the North Pacific,while the best application area of Wave Dragon is wider,also in the low latitudes between 150°E—160°W.The South China Sea has the better adaptability to the AquaBuoy device,while the high latitude area of the North Pacific is the most suitable for pelamis,and the middle and low latitude area is the most suitable for Wave Dragon.