局地气候分区视角下城市气候与人居环境研究进展

Research progress on urban climate and human settlement environment from the perspective of Local Climate Zone

城市气候与人居环境交互影响。局地气候分区(Local Climate Zone, LCZ)推动了城市形态刻画与气候演变规律探索,为城市气候与人居环境研究提供了统一框架。学术界对其研究大多聚焦在城市热环境和气候风险方面,正在向多要素气候模拟和考虑社会经济因素方向发展。审查了主题、方法和主要结论,发现“局地气候分区”、“城市热岛”、“地表温度”、“管理”和“社区”出现频率最高。采用文献计量和专题分析方法,梳理并总结了2012—2023年6月LCZ城市气候与人居环境研究在LCZ制图、相互作用和适应性策略三方面的进展,并展望了未来的研究重点。结果表明,(1)全球已在超过280座城市开展了LCZ研究,LCZ全球数据集的推广扩大了研究尺度且丰富了研究内容;(2)大多研究分析了风热环境为主的气候要素在局地尺度上的时空特征,探讨产生异质性的原因及其对人居环境的作用机理,揭示了城市蓝绿空间对于优化冷却效果、防范和治理热源等缓解性策略的重要性。其中自2018年起LCZ热环境研究向多元化发展,研究区域开始出现大都市圈或城市群;(3) LCZ能够辅助识别人居环境中高度暴露和脆弱的地区,近年来的研究趋向于在气候/生态风险评估中寻找适应性策略,且更加关注易感人群和低收入者。综述将有利于LCZ框架下城市气候与人居环境研究现状和发展趋势的宏观把握,为后续研究提供思路。

Urban climate and human settlement environment interact with each other.Local Climate Zone(LCZ)promotes the description of urban morphology and the exploration of climate change,and provides a unified framework for the urban climate and human settlement environment studies.Much of the academic research has focused on urban thermal environment and climate risk,and is developing towards multi-factor climate simulation and consideration of socio-economic factors.This study reviewed themes,methods and main conclusions,found that"local climate zone","urban heat island","land surface temperature","management"and"community"appeared most frequently.Using the bibliometrics and thematic analysis methods,the progress of urban climate and human settlements research from 2012 to June 2023 in terms of LCZ mapping,interactions,and adaptive strategies is compiled and summarized,and future research priorities are prospected.The results showed that(1)LCZ studies have been carried out in more than 280 cities around the world,and the popularization of LCZ global dataset has expanded the research scale and enriched the research content;(2)Moststudies have analyzed the spatio-temporal characteristics of climate factors dominated by urban wind/thermal environment on the local scale,explored the causes of heterogeneity and their mechanism on human settlements,and revealed the importance of urban blue-green space for mitigation strategies such as optimizing cooling effect,preventing and controlling heat sources.Since 2018,LCZ thermal environment research had been diversified,and the research area had begun to appear metropolitan areas or urban agglomerations;(3)LCZ can assist in identifying areas of extreme exposure and vulnerability in human settlements.Recent studies tend to look for adaptive strategies in climate/ecological risk assessment and pay more attention to vulnerable and low-income populations.This review will be conducive to the macro-grasp of the research status and development trend,and provide ideas for subsequent research.