生态脆弱性与城镇化水平时空耦合及其交互影响因素——以湖南省为例

Spatiotemporal coupling of ecological vulnerability and urbanization level and their interactive influencing factors:a case study of Hunan Province

协调生态建设与城镇化是实现区域可持续发展的保证,对科学引导城镇化并实现高质量发展具有重大意义。为探究我国中部地区生态环境脆弱程度与城镇化水平整体进程之间的关系,以湖南省为例,各县区为评价单元,基于生态敏感性-生态恢复力-生态压力度模型构建生态脆弱性评价指标体系,通过人口-经济-社会-空间模型构建城镇化水平评价指标体系,通过耦合协调度模型多维度测算湖南省2000—2020年生态脆弱性和城镇化水平的空间耦合关系,并运用双变量空间自相关、时空地理加权回归模型探究其交互影响效应。结果表明:(1)研究期间,湖南省生态脆弱程度呈先加重后减轻的趋势,以长株潭为核心重度脆弱区,向南北方向扩散,形成南北地区脆弱程度高、中西部生态脆弱程度低的格局;(2)城镇化水平差异较大,总体呈现上升的趋势,高水平城镇化区域从2000年以各地级市行政中心向外发散的散点式布局,到2020形成以长株潭为核心高值区,东部整体较高,西部偏低的空间分布格局;(3)湖南省严重失调区县明显减少,基本协调区县明显增加的趋势,且城镇化水平是制约湖南省生态环境与城镇化均衡高质量发展的主要因素。(4)交互作用结果表明,城镇化发展导致地区生态脆弱程度加深,而地区生态状况又反向制约城镇化水平可持续、高质量发展。研究表明,湖南省需着力推进生态环境建设和城镇化水平的健康发展,缓解城镇化发展和生态环境的矛盾,以期实现区域城镇化与生态协同发展。

The coordination of ecological construction and urbanization is a guarantee of sustainable regional development and is of great significance in guiding urbanization scientifically and achieving high-quality development.It holds significant importance in scientifically guiding urbanization and achieving high-quality development.To investigate the correlation between ecological vulnerability and urbanization process in central region of China,with a focus on Hunan Province,each county was assessed as the evaluation unit.An ecological vulnerability evaluation index system was developed using the ecological sensitivity-ecological resilience-ecological pressure model(SRP).Additionally,an urbanization level evaluation index system was constructed based on the population-economy-society-space model(PESS).The study investigated the spatial coupling relationship between ecological vulnerability and urbanization level in Hunan Province from 2000 to 2020 using the coupling coordination degree model(CCDM)for multidimensional assessment.Additionally,the study sought to investigate the interactive effects of these factors through the application of models such as bivariate spatial autocorrelation and geographically and temporally weighted regression(GTWR).We observed the following:(1)During the course of the study,it was observed that the ecological vulnerability in Hunan Province exhibited a trend of initially worsening and subsequently improving.The area around Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan was identified as a heavily vulnerable region,with the vulnerability spreading in a north-south direction.This resulted in a pattern where the northern and southern regions displayed high ecological vulnerability,while the central and western areas showed lower levels of ecological fragility.(2)The level of urbanization in Hunan Province varied significantly,and the general trend was increasing.The high-level urbanization areas had transitioned from a scattered layout emanating from the administrative centers of prefecture-level cities in 2000 to a high-value cluster with the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration as the core in 2020.The area exhibited an overall higher in the eastern part and lower in the western part distribution pattern.(3)There had been a noticeable decrease in severely imbalanced counties,with a clear increased trend towards a reduction in the number of counties experiencing significant imbalances in Hunan Province.Furthermore,the level of urbanization was identified as a primary factor constraining the high-quality,balanced development of the ecological environment and urbanization in Hunan Province.(4)The results of the interaction indicated that urbanization development led to an increased level of regional ecological vulnerability,while the ecological conditions in the region in turn constrained the sustainable and high-quality development of urbanization.Studies suggested that in Hunan Province,efforts should be focused on promoting the healthy development of ecological environment construction and urbanization level,alleviating the contradiction between urbanization development and ecological environment,with a view to realizing the synergistic development of regional urbanization and ecology.