2018年中国成年居民食物消费碳足迹现状及其人口经济因素差异

Analysis of food carbon footprint and its socio-demographic disparities in China in 2018

目的分析中国成年居民食物消费碳足迹现状及其人口经济因素差异。方法利用2018年“中国健康与营养调查”数据,选取12777名具有完整膳食调查数据和人口学特征数据的18岁及以上成年居民作为研究对象。采用连续3天24小时膳食回顾法和家庭称重记账法(食用油和调味品)收集膳食数据,借助《中国食物成分表》将食物消费量转换成能量摄入量,利用基于生命周期视角的食物消费碳足迹数据库获得26个食物组的碳足迹系数值并计算碳足迹总量,利用多项logit模型分析人口经济因素与食物消费碳足迹的相关性。结果中国成年居民食物消费碳足迹随年龄增长而降低,随收入水平与文化程度上升而升高;男性人均食物消费碳足迹高于女性,城市高于农村,南方高于北方。与18~44岁年龄组相比,60岁及以上年龄组出现高碳足迹的可能性较低碳足迹降低29%(OR=0.71,95%CI 0.61~0.83);与男性相比,女性出现中等碳足迹和高碳足迹的可能性分别较低碳足迹降低11%(OR=0.89,95%CI 0.81~0.99)和25%(OR=0.75,95%CI 0.67~0.84);与城市居民相比,农村出现中等碳足迹和高碳足迹的可能性分别较低碳足迹降低24%(OR=0.76,95%CI 0.69~0.85)和38%(OR=0.62,95%CI 0.55~0.70);与北方地区相比,南方地区出现中等碳足迹和高碳足迹的可能性分别是低碳足迹的3.89倍(95%CI 3.52~4.30)和11.35倍(95%CI 10.01~12.88);随收入水平上升,出现中等碳足迹和高碳足迹的可能性增加(OR>1);随文化程度上升,出现高碳足迹的可能性增加(OR>1)。结论2018年中国成年居民食物消费碳足迹呈现不同的人口经济因素差异,性别、收入水平和文化程度是重要的相关因素。

OBJECTIVE To analyze food carbon footprint and its socio-demographic disparities among adults in China.METHODS A total of 12777 adults aged 18 years and above from the China Health and Nutrition Survey in 2018 who have completed dietary and socio-demographic data were analyzed.The information of food intake were collected by 24 h recalls combined with the weighing of household seasonings.Food consumption was converted into energy intake by the China Food Composition Table.Carbon footprint of 26 food groups were calculated by the food carbon footprint database based on life-cycle assessment(LCA),multinomial logit model was used to analyze the association of socio-demographic factors and food carbon footprint.RESULTS Average food carbon footprint were decreased with increasing age while increased with increasing income and education levels,and was higher among male than that among female,was higher among urban residents than that among rural residents,was higher in the south than that in the north.Multinomial logit analysis showed that compared with people aged 18-44,the likelihood of occurring high carbon footprint in 60y and above group were 29%(OR=0.71,95%CI 0.61-0.83)lower than that occurring low carbon footprint.Women were 11%(OR=0.89,95%CI 0.81-0.99)and 25%(OR=0.75,95%CI 0.67-0.84)less likely to appear medium and high carbon footprint than low carbon footprint,compared with their male counterparts.In comparison to people living in cities,rural dwellers were 24%(OR=0.76,95%CI 0.69-0.85)and 38%(OR=0.62,95%CI 0.55-0.70)less likely to appear medium and high carbon footprint than low carbon footprint.People in the south were 3.89 times(95%CI 3.52-4.30)and 11.35 times(95%CI 10.01-12.88)more likely to occur medium and high carbon footprint than low carbon footprint,compared with people in the north.Participants were more likely to occur medium carbon footprint and high carbon footprint with the increasing income level(OR>1),and were more likely to occur high carbon footprint with the increasing education level(OR>1).CONCLUSION The food carbon footprint of adults in China in 2018 show different socio-demographic disparities,gender,income and education level are significant factors.