1989—2018年中国18~35岁青年人膳食模式变迁状况

Change of dietary pattern among young people aged 18-35 in China from 1989 to 2018

目的分析1989—2018年中国18~35岁青年人膳食模式变迁状况。方法利用“中国健康与营养调查”数据,选择中国15个省(自治区、直辖市)1989—2018年18~35岁具有完整膳食和社会人口学信息的25400名青年人作为研究对象。采用连续3天24小时回顾法结合称重记账法开展膳食调查。根据食物成分表,计算能量及各类营养素摄入量。采用斜交主成分聚类分析筛选食物组、K-均值聚类法提取膳食模式;运用Dwass-Steel-Critchlow-Fligner法检验不同膳食模式中食物摄入量差异,Cochran-Armitage趋势检验法分析膳食模式年份变化,卡方检验分析2018年不同膳食模式人群构成差异性。结果中国15个省(自治区、直辖市)18~35岁青年人膳食模式主要分为“传统米食”、“传统面食”、“优质蛋白”三类。2018年,男性“传统米食”膳食模式比例高于女性,“优质蛋白”膳食模式比例低于女性;25~35岁青年人“传统面食”膳食模式比例高于18~24岁,“优质蛋白”膳食模式比例低于18~24岁;城市“传统米食”膳食模式人群比例低于农村,“优质蛋白”膳食模式高于农村;北方以“传统面食”膳食模式为主,南方以“传统米食”膳食模式为主,且北方“优质蛋白”膳食模式人群比例相较南方较高;随文化程度和收入水平提高,“优质蛋白”膳食模式人群比例呈增长趋势。1989—2018年“传统米食”膳食模式始终保持较高比例,2009年起“传统面食”膳食模式不断减少,2011年起“优质蛋白”膳食模式比例大幅增加。结论1989—2018年中国15个省(自治区、直辖市)18~35岁青年人膳食模式较为合理的人群比例有所提高,但传统膳食模式仍需改善。

OBJECTIVE To analyze the dietary patterns changes of young people aged 18-35 in 15 provinces(autonomous regions,municipalities)from 1989 to 2018.METHODS Using the data of China Health and Nutrition Survey,a total of 25400 young people aged 18-35 with complete dietary and sociodemographic information from 1989 to 2018 in 15 provinces(autonomous regions,municipalities)were selected as the research objects.Nutrition survey was carried out by using 3 consecutive days of 24-hour review method combined with weighing accounting method.Energy and nutrient intake was calculated based on food composition list.The principal component cluster analysis was used to select food groups and K-mean cluster was uesd to extract dietary patterns.Dwass-Steel-Critchlow-Fligner was used to test the difference of food intake in different dietary patterns.Cochran-Armitage trend test was to analyze the change of dietary patterns with the years.Chi-square test was to analyze the difference of people with different dietary patterns in 2018.RESULTS The dietary patterns of young people aged 18-35 in 15 provinces(autonomous regions,municipalities)were mainly divided into three categories:“traditional rice”,“traditional pasta”and“high-quality protein”.In 2018,the proportion of“traditional rice”dietary patterns was higher for men than for women,and the proportion of“high-quality protein”dietary patterns was lower than for women.The proportion of“traditional pasta”dietary pattern in people aged 25-35 was higher than that aged 18-24,and the proportion of“high-quality protein”dietary pattern was lower than that aged 18-24.The proportion of people in urban with“traditional rice”dietary pattern was lower than that in rural areas,and the proportion of“high-quality protein”dietary pattern was higher than that in rural areas.The northern region was dominated by“traditional pasta”dietary pattern,while the southern region was dominated by“traditional rice”dietary pattern,and the proportion of people with“high-quality protein”dietary pattern was higher in the northern region than in the southern region.With the increase of education level and income level,the proportion of people with“high-quality protein”dietary pattern showed an increasing trend.From 1989 to 2018,the“traditional rice”dietary pattern had always maintained a high proportion among young people aged 18-35 in 15 provinces(autonomous regions,municipalities)in China,and the“traditional pasta”dietary pattern had been decreasing since 2009,and the“high-quality protein”dietary pattern had significantly increased since 2011.CONCLUSION From 1989 to 2018,the proportion of young people aged 18-35 with reasonable dietary pattern has increased in 15 provinces(autonomous regions,municipalities),but the traditional dietary pattern still needs to be improved.