2021-2023年中国孕产妇乙型肝炎病毒现症感染的流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis of the current prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant and postpartum women in China from 2021 to 2023

目的分析2021-2023年中国孕产妇乙型肝炎血清学检测和乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)现症感染情况。方法数据来自国家预防艾滋病、梅毒和乙型肝炎母婴传播管理信息系统。HBV现症感染被定义为血清HBsAg检测阳性。使用χ^(2)检验比较不同年份的孕产妇乙型肝炎血清学检测覆盖率、孕早期乙型肝炎血清学检测覆盖率和孕产妇HBV现症感染率,双侧P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果2021-2023年,我国孕产妇乙型肝炎血清学检测覆盖率(包括孕期和产时)和孕早期乙型肝炎血清学检测覆盖率分别从99.68%(10463059/10496883)和82.96%(8707765/10496883)上升至99.94%(8678777/8684387,P<0.001)和88.87%(7717857/8684387,P值均<0.001)。孕产妇HBV现症感染率从2021年的4.98%(521479/10463059)下降至2023年的4.56%(396148/8678777,P<0.001)。2023年,我国各省份孕产妇HBV现症感染率范围为1.53%~10.39%。结论2021-2023年中国孕产妇乙型肝炎血清学检测覆盖率显著提升,孕产妇HBV现症感染率显著下降,但仍存在地区差异。

Objective To analyze hepatitis B serologic tests and the current prevalence of hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection among pregnant and postpartum women in China from 2021 to 2023.Methods Data on managing the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV,syphilis,and hepatitis were retrieved from the National Information System.A positive serum HBsAg test was used to define HBV infection.The χ^(2) test was used to compare the coverage rate of the hepatitis B serologic test across different years,in early-stage pregnancy,and the current HBV infection in pregnant and postpartum women.A two-sided P value of<0.05 was considered a statistically significant difference.Results The coverage rate for hepatitis B serological detection in pregnant(including intrapartum)and postpartum women and early-stage pregnancy rose from 99.68%(10463059/10496883)and 82.96%(8707765/10496883)to 99.94%(8678777/8684387,P<0.001)and 88.87%(7717857/8684387,P<0.001)in China between 2021 and 2023.The current prevalence rate of HBV infection decreased from 4.98%(521479/10463059)in 2021 to 4.56%(396148/8678777)in 2023 among pregnant and postpartum women(P<0.001).The current prevalence rate of HBV infection ranged from 1.53%to 10.39%among pregnant and postpartum women in various provinces of China in 2023.Conclusion The coverage rate for hepatitis B serologic tests in China increased significantly between 2021 and 2023 in pregnant and postpartum women.Therefore,the current prevalence rate of HBV infection has decreased significantly in pregnant and postpartum women,but a regional difference still exists.