护听器现场声衰减的量化研究进展

The research progress in real-world noise attenuation of hearing protective

耳塞作为常见的护听器可为噪声暴露工人提供一定的声衰减,文献表明耳塞的标称值与实际工作场所佩戴耳塞时获得的衰减存在差异,国内外研究者为了使佩戴耳塞获得的声衰减水平更贴近真实情况,采用了对标称值进行调整、无经验受试人员参与测量、完善声衰减的表示方法,现场声衰减测试(个体适合性测试)等方式,减少了耳塞类型、佩戴者相关因素、场所环境因素对耳塞衰减测量的影响。基于真耳听阈衰减(real-ear-attenuation,REAT)、现场真耳麦克风(filed microphone-in-real-ear,F-MIRE)、响度平衡(loudness balance,LB)等原理的现场声衰减测试系统的市场化,使得现场衰减测试近年来逐渐成为优化耳塞选择、评估现场实际声衰减并提升防护效果的主流方式。

Earplugs,as a common form of hearing protection devices,can provide a certain level of noise attenuation for workers exposed to noise.There have been reports of discrepancies between the nominal attenuation values of earplugs and the actual attenuation achieved when worn in real workplace.Researchers are striving to improve the measurement of noise attenuation levels achieved by wearing earplugs to better reflect real-world conditions,Various methods,such as derating schemes,inexperienced subjects involved,Improved expression of attenuation level,and field attenuation estimation(fit testing)were used to reduce the influence of factors from earplug type,wearer,and field environmental.The commercialization of field attenuation estimation systems,utilizing methods such as Real-ear-attenuation at Threshold,Field microphone-in-real-ear,and Loudness Balance,has resulted in the gradual adoption of attenuation testing in the workplace as the mainstream method for optimizing earplug selection,evaluating noise attenuation in real word,and enhancing protective effectiveness in recent years.More research is needed to guide the practice of hearing protection,as there is a requirement for incorporating more field factors to reflect the noise attenuation of earplugs in workplace.