美国名师引领项目的实践与启示——以纽约州为例

Practices of Master Teacher Leadership Programsin the United States and Its Implication——Taking New York State as an Example

为了解决教师离职率高、教学质量差距大等问题,在联邦政府额外补贴制的支持下,美国各州相继开发了名师引领项目。通过建立科学有效的选拔、运行和保障机制,较大地提升了名师的引领效果。美国名师引领项目的特点是:各司其职与协同工作并存,提供支持与工作问责并重,引领他人与自我发展并行。对照这些经验,我国在提升名师引领效率方面,应建构名师分类系统,建立名师引领的系统管理体系,完善名师引领的保障体系,并为名师提供专业学习机会。

In order to solve the problems of high teacher turnover rates and large disparities in teaching quality,American states have successively developed Master Teacher Leadership Programs with the support of Federal Government’s additional subsidy system.By establishing scientific and effective selection,operation and guarantee mechanisms,the leadership effectiveness of Master Teacher has been greatly enhanced.The characteristics of the U.S.Master Teacher Leadership Program include a combination of individual responsibilities and collaborative work,a balance between support and accountability,and parallel progress in guiding others and self-development.Drawing on these experiences,in order to promote the efficiency of Master Teachers’leadership,China should construct a classification system for Master Teachers,establish a systematic management system for Master Teachers’leadership,improve the guarantee system for Master Teachers’leadership,and provide professional learning opportunities for Master Teachers.