最适宜人工智能发展的司法管辖区?——俄罗斯人工智能监管体系建设路径与结构解析

Establishing Jurisdictions Suitable for the Development of Artificial Intelligence?——Analysis on the Construction Path and Structure of Russia's Artificial Intelligence Regulatory System

人工智能监管与治理是智能化技术经济范式形成过程中的核心任务。俄罗斯政策语境中虽无“治理”概念,但仍以“监管”之名为人工智能技术发展提供制度保障。消除现有法律障碍、建立综合性监管体系是俄罗斯发展包括人工智能在内的新兴技术一以贯之的核心思想和主要任务。在“数字环境规范性监管”和“人工智能”两大联邦项目推动下,在《2030年前俄罗斯联邦国家人工智能发展战略》与《2024年前俄罗斯人工智能和机器人技术领域监管发展构想》两大纲领性文件指导下,包含法律法规、技术标准、伦理规范三个板块的俄罗斯人工智能监管体系蔚然成形。该体系呈现出原则性的软法特征,兼具欧盟式的垂直架构以及美国式创新优先的治理理念和基于应用的监管逻辑。在人工智能监管国际合作问题上,俄罗斯拥有较为明确的政策偏好。

Artificial intelligence regulation and governance are core tasks in the process of forming intellectual technological economic paradigm.Although there is no concept of"governance"in the Russian policy context,"regulation"is still used to provide institutional guarantees for the development of artificial intelligence technology.Eliminating existing legal barriers and establishing a comprehensive regulatory system are the core ideas and main tasks of Russia's development of emerging technologies including artificial intelligence.Driven by the two major federal projects of"Normative Regulation of the Digital Environment"and"Artificial Intelligence",and guided by the two programmatic documents of"Development Strategy"and"Regulatory Concept",Russia's artificial intelligence regulatory system,which includes three sections:laws and regulations,technical standards,and ethical norms,has taken shape.The system presents the characteristics of principled soft law,combining the EU-style vertical architecture with the American-style innovation-first governance concept and application-based regulatory logic.Besides,it has a relatively clear policy preference on international cooperation.