柞蚕胚胎对高温胁迫的耐受性及其遗传

High Temperature Tolerance and Inheritance of Tussah Silkmoth Embryos

为探索柞蚕胚胎对高温胁迫的耐受性及其遗传规律,对试验群体辽蚕527及5个亲本10个F1组合的柞蚕受精卵采取43℃以上的高温胁迫。结果表明:高温胁迫对不同发育阶段胚胎的影响存在显著差异。有效积温在5~10℃时对高温胁迫的耐受性最弱,而有效积温在20℃时对高温胁迫的耐受性最强。高温胁迫对胚胎生命力的影响存在显著差异,随着温度的升高,孵化率降低。高温胁迫也会延长胚胎的发育时期,并且对孵化整齐度产生重要影响,使孵化时间延长。不同品种对高温胁迫的耐受性存在显著差异,其中辽蚕527对高温胁迫的耐受性最强,小白蚕的耐受性最弱。遗传分析表明:柞蚕胚胎对高温胁迫的耐受性受4对主基因控制,主基因效应明显,其遗传率为91.97%,而微效多基因对其影响较小,遗传率仅为5.77%。综上,通过杂交后代胚胎对高温胁迫耐受性进行早期选择,可以选育出对高温胁迫耐受性强的柞蚕品种。

To explore the tolerance of tussah silkmoth(Antheraea pernyi)embryos to high temperature and its genetic patterns,the fertilized eggs of tussah silkmoth were subjected to high temperature above 43℃.There were significant differences in the effects of high temperature on embryos in different developmental stages,with the weakest at the effective accumulated temperature of 5-10℃and the strongest at 20℃.Different high temperatures showed significant impacts on embryos.As the temperature increases,the tolerance of embryos decreases and the hatching rate decreases.High temperature stress can also prolong the developmental period of embryos and have a significant impact on the uniformity of hatching,prolonging hatching time and reducing daily hatching rates.There were significant differences in tolerance to high temperature stress among different varieties,with Liaocan 527 having the strongest tolerance to high temperature stress and Xiaobaican having the weakest tolerance;The results of genetic research showed that the tolerance of tussah silkworm embryos to high temperature stress was controlled by four major genes,with significant major gene effects and a heritability rate of 91.97%.However,the influence of minor polygenes on it was relatively small,with a heritability rate of only 5.77%.In summary,early selection of hybrid offspring embryos for tolerance to high temperature stress can lead to the breeding of oak silkworm varieties with strong tolerance to high temperature stress.