高铁扣件弹条疲劳断裂原因分析

Analysis of the Causes of Fatigue Fracture of High-speed Rail Fasteners and Spring Bars

高铁扣件是钢轨与道床连接的纽带,通常需要弹条进行扣压,能够有效保证高铁轨道的几何形位,避免发生偏移。高铁在行驶过程中,会对钢轨施加动态力,导致钢轨出现变形、振动,引起扣件系统振动,根据相关设计要求,扣件弹条需要满足列车施加在钢轨上的冲击力变化强度,一般为50~300 kN。高铁扣件弹条在长期荷载作用下的断裂情况,会导致高铁轨道寿命缩短,从而影响行车安全,文章以WJ–8型弹条为研究对象,对其疲劳断裂原因进行分析,明确其结构参数与相应特性之间的关联,从而实现参数优化与改进。

High speed rail fasteners are the link between the steel rail and the track bed,usually requiring elastic bars for clamping,which can effectively ensure the geometric shape of the high-speed rail track and avoid deviation.During the operation of high-speed rail,dynamic forces are applied to the steel rails,causing deformation and vibration of the rails,resulting in vibration of the fastening system.According to relevant design requirements,the fastening spring bar needs to meet the impact force change intensity applied by the train on the steel rails,generally 50-300 kN.The fracture of high-speed rail fastener spring bars under long-term load can lead to a shortened service life of high-speed rail tracks,thereby affecting train safety.This article takes WJ-8 spring bars as the research object,analyzes their fatigue fracture reasons,clarifies the correlation between their structural parameters and corresponding characteristics,and achieves parameter optimization and improvement.