粮食安全背景下小农户的社会经济地位对其生产技术改进的影响研究——基于农户化肥替代技术采纳的调查

Influence of socio-economic status of small farmers on production technology improvement in the context of food security:survey on adoption of fertilizer substitution technologies by farmers

利用山东省942个农户的调研数据,采取逐步回归和Bootstrap中介效应检验法,探析社会经济地位对小农户化肥替代技术采纳行为的影响机制及行为态度和行为能力的中介机制。结果表明:小农户的社会经济地位对其采纳化肥替代技术具有显著正向影响,人均年收入、威望、受教育程度和社会身份能够显著提高小农户采纳化肥替代技术的概率,规模经营则降低其采纳概率;行为态度和行为能力在社会经济地位的影响过程中发挥链式中介作用,行为态度和行为能力越高的小农户更倾向采纳化肥替代技术;社会经济地位对种植粮食作物小农户采纳的推动作用更强;种植粮食作物的小农户和规模户受其社会经济地位影响在化肥替代技术采纳时具有异质性。据此,建议通过补贴激励、精准宣传等手段重构社会经济地位差异的化肥替代技术推广体系,加快小农户与亲环境农业生产技术的有机衔接。

This paper explores the mechanism of small farmers’socio-economic status on their adoption of fertilizer substitution technology and the mediation mechanism of their behavioral attitude and behavioral ability by using the survey data collected of 942 farmers in Shandong province by adopting stepwise regression and Bootstrap mediation effect test.The results show that small farmers’socio-economic status had a significant positive effect on their adoption of alternative fertilizer technologies,and that annual per capita income,prestige,education level and social status could significantly increase the probability of small farmers adopting fertilizer substitution technologies,which scale operation reduces their adoption probability.Behavioral attitude and behavioral ability played a chain mediating role in the influence of socio-economic status,indicating that small farmers with higher behavioral attitude and behavioral ability were more inclined to adopt fertilizer alternative technologies.Socio-economic status had a stronger driving effect on the adoption of small farmers growing food crops.Small and large-scale farmers growing food crops exhibited heterogeneity on their adoption of alternative fertilizer technologies due to their socio-economic status.Therefore,it is necessary to reconstruct the diffusion system of chemical fertilizer alternative technologies with due attention to differences in socio-economic status by means of subsidy incentives and precise publicity to accelerate the organic connection between small farmers and pro-environmental agricultural production technologies.