过渡金属低维纳米材料在电催化领域中的研究进展

Research progress of transition metal low-dimensional nanomaterials in field of electrocatalysis

随着环境问题的日趋严重和能源危机的不断攀升,利用电催化技术开发可持续的绿色新能源迫在眉睫。过渡金属低维纳米材料具有高活性表面、高效的电子转移速率和丰富的表面空位,能够有效提升电催化反应的效率和稳定性。本文基于材料维数,将过渡金属低维纳米材料分类,并分别阐明其优势,重点综述零维、一维、二维纳米材料在电催化领域中的研究成果,揭示低维纳米结构与电催化活性、稳定性之间的关系,明确了低维纳米化是提高电催化性能的有效方法。最后,指出过渡金属低维纳米催化剂应根据需求合理设计并优化其结构。未来低维纳米催化剂的发展方向应是基础研究与计算研究相结合,用理论来引导设计,搭配机器学习预先选择合适的结构模型以及朝着改进现有材料结合更多更高效的复合材料进一步发展。

With the increasingly serious environmental problems and the rising energy crisis,it is urgent to use electrocatalysis technology to develop sustainable green new energy.Transition metal low-dimensional nanomaterials have large active surface,high electron transfer rate and abundant surface vacancies,which can effectively improve the efficiency and stability of electrocatalytic reactions.In this paper,the transition metal low-dimensional nanomaterials are classified based on the material dimension,and their advantages are clarified respectively.The research achievements of zero-dimensional,one-dimensional and two-dimensional nanomaterials in the field of electrocatalysis are mainly reviewed.The relationship between the structure of low-dimensional nanostructure and the activity,as well as stability of electrocatalysis,is revealed,and it is clear that low-dimensional nanomaterials are an effective method to improve the performance of electrocatalysis.Finally,it is pointed out that the structure of transition metal low-dimensional nanocatalysts should be rationally designed and optimized according to demand.The future development direction of low-dimensional nanocatalysts should be the combination of basic research and computational research,guide the design with theory,combine with machine learning to pre-select the appropriate structural model and further development towards improving existing materials and combining more and more efficient composite materials.