地膜覆盖对夏直播垄作花生的温度效应和产量的影响

Effects of Film Mulching on Soil Temperature and Yield of Peanut by Ridge Planting in Summer

为探究地膜覆盖对夏直播垄作花生的温度效应,以及对花生生长发育和产量的影响,以露地为对照,研究了普通白膜、降解黑膜处理下土壤温度的动态变化以及对花生主要经济性状和产量的影响,并探讨温度效应与气温的关系。结果表明,普通白膜覆盖提高了土下10 cm的日最低温度和日平均温度,降低土下10 cm的日最高温度;降解黑膜覆盖降低土下10 cm的日最低温度,增加土下10 cm的日最高温度和日平均温度。不同气温区间普通白膜处理土下10 cm最低温度均值高于土表1.8~3.2℃,降解黑膜则低0.7~2.0℃;普通白膜处理土下10 cm最高温度均值低于土表1.6~6.0℃,降解黑膜则高3.1~6.3℃。土表和土下10 cm平均温度均值随气温升高而增加,不同气温区间对土表和土下10 cm平均温度均值的影响不同,普通白膜和降解黑膜间也有差异。地膜覆盖的增温效应促进了植株的生长发育,整体上有利于单株叶面积和植株干质量的增加,但生长后期有早衰现象。地膜覆盖对花生主要经济性状的影响不显著,普通白膜、降解黑膜和露地种植的花生产量分别为4286、4247和4028 kg/hm^(2),差异不显著。此外,地膜覆盖对花生根瘤数量也有影响。本研究对夏直播垄作花生高产栽培及地膜覆盖技术的应用具有指导意义。

In order to investigate the effects of film mulching on the soil temperature of ridge planted summer peanut,and its effects on peanut growth,development and yield,with unmulched ridge as control,the dynamic changes of soil temperature under white film and degradable black film treatments were analyzed,also,the effects on the peanut main economic characteristics and pod yield were investigated,the relationship between soil temperature effect and air temperature was discussed.The results showed:The daily minimum and average temperatures of 10 cm below soil surface were increased and the daily maximum temperature of 10 cm below soil surface was decreased under white film treatment.The daily minimum temperature of 10 cm below soil surface was decreased,and the daily maximum and average temperatures of 10 cm below soil surface were increased under degradable black film treatment.The average daily minimum temperature of 10 cm below soil surface under white film was 1.8-3.2℃higher than that of soil surface,and was 0.7-2.0℃lower than that of soil surface under degradable black film treatment.The average daily maximum temperature of 10 cm below soil surface was 1.6-6.0℃lower than that of soil surface under white film,and was 3.1-6.3℃higher than that of soil surface under degradable black film treatment.The average value of daily average temperatures of soil surface and 10 cm below surface increased with the raise of air temperature,different air temperature range had different effects on the average value of daily average temperature of soil surface and 10 cm below soil surface,there was also different effects between white film and degradable black film treatments.The warming effect of film mulching promoted the growth and development of the peanut,on the whole,it was beneficial to increase the leaf area and dry mass per plant,but there was presenility in the late growth period.There were no significant effects on the peanut main economic characteristics under film mulching.The pod yields of white film,degradable black film and unmulched ridge treatments were 4,286,4,247,and 4,028 kg/ha,respectively.In addition,mulching film also had certain effect on the number of peanut nodules.This study offered guiding significance for the high yield cultivation and film mulching technology of ridge planted summer peanut.