厌氧消化系统的酸抑制调控技术研究进展

Research Progress on Acid Inhibition Regulation of Anaerobic Digestive System

厌氧消化是指有机物质在厌氧条件下被厌氧菌分解产生甲烷和二氧化碳等气体,广泛应用于农业有机废弃物、城市生活垃圾、餐厨垃圾等处理和处置。厌氧消化系统在运行过程中,产甲烷速率低于产酸速率时,有机酸会在体系中积累造成系统酸化,抑制产甲烷过程。酸抑制调控技术包括生物炭调控技术、活性炭调控技术、微量元素调控技术、碱性试剂调控技术等,通过增强微生物活性、中和冗余有机酸、吸附抑制因子等方式保持发酵系统酸碱稳定,促进物质转化,提升产气速率。酸抑制调控技术的推广应用受原料类型复杂、引入新抑制元素、调控成本高等因素限制,需要在传统技术优化、新技术开发、实践推广应用等方向持续创新研究。

Anaerobic digestion refers to the decomposition of organic substances by anaerobic bacteria to produce gas,such as methane and carbon dioxide,under anaerobic conditions.It is widely used in the treatment and disposal of agricultural organic waste,municipal household waste,restaurant-kitchen waste and so on.During the operation of anaerobic digestion system,when the methane production rate is lower than the acid production rate,organic acids will accumulate in the system,then cause systematic acidification and inhibit the methanogenesis process.Acid inhibition regulation technology includes biochar regulation technology,activated carbon regulation technology,trace element regulation technology,alkaline reagent regulation technology,etc.By enhancing microbial activity,neutralizing redundant organic acids,and adsorbing inhibitory factors,the fermentation system maintains acid-base stability,promotes material conversion,and improves gas production rate.The promotion and application of acid inhibition regulation technology are limited by the complex types of raw materials,the introduction of new inhibitory elements and the high regulation cost,which requires continuous innovative research in the directions of traditional technology optimization,new technology development,and practical promotion and application.