明代杜诗学中的学杜与变杜--以杨慎评点张含诗歌为中心

Emulating and Developing Du Fu's Poetry Creation in Ming Dynasty:Centered on Yang Shen's Criticism of Zhang Han's Poetry

明代复古思潮兴盛,其中杜诗学是明代诗学理论的重要内容和诗歌发展的重要推力。前后七子派专宗杜诗,颇有模拟之习。反思宗杜之思潮渐起,杨慎、张含即为代表。张含前期受前七子派影响,专力学杜,至有杜甫后身之誉。后期同杨慎密切交往,两人互相影响,发生由学杜至变杜之演进。杨慎的张含诗歌批评核心是探讨学杜问题,由此而主张不仅应以杜学杜,更应以古变杜,提出“翻用杜语,新若己出”等说,强调充分吸收古代诗歌资源,特别是吸收历来被忽视的六朝诗歌艺术,以此为阶梯,上溯至《诗经》,领会精神,表现真情,批判现实,成就当代真我之风诗。杨慎围绕张含诗歌批评提出的一系列文学观点是对《升庵诗话》的发展。

During the Ming Dynasty,the revivalist trend flourishod,and the study of Du Fu's poetry was an impo|component of the poet ic theory and a significant driving force for the development of poetry at that time.The earlier and Schools of Seven litterateurs were devoted to learning from Du Fu's poetry,which led to a tendency of imitation.A refle trend against the exclusive veneration of Du Fu gradually emerged,with Yang Shen and Zhang Han as representative fig In his early period,Zhang Han was influenced by the Seven litterateurs and specialized in imitating Du Fu,earning the 1 tation of being Du Fu's successor.In his later years,he had close interactions with Yang Shen,and the two influenced ot her,leading to an evolution from studying Du Fu to transforming Du Fu's style.Yang Shen's core critique of Zhang F poetry focused on the issue of imitating Du Fu,in which he advocated that one should not only learn from Du Fu but transform Du Fu's style,proposing the ideas of“learning from Du Fu without being bound by Du Fu”“imitating Du wording in a new manner”,etc..Yang emphasized the full absorption of andent poetic resources,especially the nglectou etic arts of the Six Dynasties,using these as a stepping stone to trace back to the“Book of Songs”,to grasp the spirit press true emotions,criticize the reality,and create a poetic style of that era.The viewpoints proposed by Yang Shen i critism of Zhang Han's poetry represents a further development of the ideas in“Sheng'an Shi Hua”.