数据安全刑事治理过程论

A Process Theory of Criminal Governance for Data Security

过程是唯物辩证法的基本范畴,既是世界观又是方法论。从过程论角度看,司法活动就是司法权的运行过程。刑事治理具有过程性、阶段性和系统性。在刑事治理系统内部,狭义上包括刑事立法和刑事司法(定罪、量刑、行刑)过程和阶段;广义上包括制定、实施犯罪预防措施、司法解释、刑事政策的过程和阶段。在刑事治理过程系统外部,则包括行政机关针对数据犯罪进行的政府治理、企业组织和个人参与的社会治理过程和阶段。在数据安全刑法保护方面,须从过程论角度,确立数据安全刑事治理过程理念,转变传统的管控模式,加强对数据利用过程的规制,同时强调多元主体参与刑事治理过程。数据安全刑事治理的过程性决定了其系统内外部各阶段应当是衔接协调的,具有刑事风险预防、分类分级保护、硬法软法融合、多元主体参与四项机能,形成相互影响、相互作用的运行机制。各方参与主体应遵循数据安全刑事治理过程运行的规律性,构建刑事风险评估、定罪量刑互动、刑事案件过滤、刑事合规激励等过程机制,推进数据安全刑事治理现代化转型。

Process is the basic category of materialistic dialectics,which is both world view and methodology.From the perspective of process theory,judicial activity is the operation process of judicial power.Criminal governance is processual,phased and systemic in nature.Within the criminal governance system,it includes,in a narrow sense,the process and stage of criminal legislation and criminal justice(conviction,sentencing,execution);in a broad sense,it includes the process and stage of formulating and implementing crime prevention measures,judicial interpretation and criminal policy.Outside the criminal governance process system,it includes the governmental governance of administrative organs against data crimes,and the social governance process and stage with the participation of business organizations and individuals.In terms of the criminal law protection of data security,it is necessary to establish the concept of the criminal governance process of data security from the perspective of process theory,transform the traditional control model,and strengthen the regulation of the process of data utilization,while emphasizing the participation of multiple subjects in the criminal governance process.The process nature of data security criminal governance determines that the internal and external stages of its system should be articulated and coordinated,with the four functions of criminal risk prevention,classification and hierarchical protection,integration of hard and soft laws,and participation of multiple subjects,all of which form an operational mechanism that interacts with and influences each other.All participating subjects should follow the regularity of the operation of the data security criminal governance process,and construct process mechanisms such as criminal risk assessment,conviction and sentencing interaction,criminal case fltering,and criminal compliance incentives,so as to promote the modernization and transformation of data security criminal governance.