国家安全、技术权力与美国的半导体本土复兴战略

National Security,Technological Power,and the Revival of the U.S.Semiconductor Industry

由于国家安全观演变、国家主义思潮回归,美国高度警惕半导体安全问题。美国认为半导体与数字时代的大国技术权力密切相关,而本国半导体产业衰落明显、技术权力流失严重,美国国家安全与霸权地位因此备受侵蚀。自拜登政府上台以来,其注意力更加内顾,全力推动美国的半导体本土复兴战略。美国行政部门、国会、半导体产业界等各方势力联动,逐步构建起半导体战略关乎国家安全的政策共识,并经过反复博弈最终出台关键法案。在此基础上,美国从重塑产业发展思路、强化核心竞争力、优化产业链布局等多方面入手,力争实现半导体产业回归美国本土,重建美国全产业链优势与霸权。然而,美国上述做法违背了半导体产业发展规律,威胁全球半导体产业的正常有序运转,实质上更强化了对华全面遏制,动摇了中美关系根基,并连带撼动全球地缘政治经济秩序。

Due to the evolution of national security thoughts and the return of statism ideology,the United States is highly alert to the semiconductor security.The U.S.believes that,as semiconductors are closely related to the technological power of great powers in the digital age,with the apparent decline of the domestic semiconductor industry and severe loss of technological power,the U.S.national security and hegemony has been seriously eroded.Since the Biden administration came to power,it has been making all efforts in promoting the revitalization of the U.S.semiconductor industry.Linked together,the U.S.executive branch,the Congress,the semiconductor industry,and other forces have gradually built up strategic and policy consensus on semiconductors and national security,and eventually introduced the CHIPS Act.Building on such efforts,the U.S.is reshaping industrial development ideas,strengthening its core competitiveness,optimizing the industry chain layout,and striving to bring the semiconductor industry back to homeland to reconstruct its industrial-chain advantages and hegemony.However,these practices have threatened the global development of semiconductor industry.In essence,they have strengthened the U.S.containment of China,and shaken the foundation of the U.S.-China relations and the global geopolitical and economic order.