反思与重构:全球安全和全球治理的风险政治理论及方法

Reflection and Reconfiguration:Theory and Methods for Risk Politics of Global Security and Governance

“科学—技术范式”长期主导国际关系学对风险的理解,以至于风险的政治性被严重忽视。将风险等同于客观概率和预期损失,难以把握深度不确定时代中深层微妙又情感充沛的政治,也将全球安全作为“高级政治”和全球治理作为“常态政治”进行理论和政策上的割裂,层出不穷的当今现象因此成为既有理论框架下应接不暇的经验困惑。风险并不外在于政治而是政治本身,以风险为政治概念和社会事实打开理论反思和重构的大门,不仅有助于理解风险如何重塑了当今全球政治,也能够推动学科视阈的转变、理论的反思与构建、方法的引入和创新。风险的政治性将林林总总的全球议题统一在全球治理的理论框架中,提供一种化繁为简、穿透表面的理论力量,揭示出杂乱、矛盾和碎片化的全球政治现象背后是全球风险政治的逻辑统一。

The conceptualization and application of risk within the realm of international relations have traditionally been dominated by the"science-technology approach"of risk studies.This dominance has resulted in a notable neglect of the inherently political dimension of risk.The conventional understanding of risk,defined as the amalgamation of objective probabilities of adverse events and their expected losses,presents challenges in comprehending the intricate dynamics and emotional complexities inherent in politics in an era of deep uncertainty.Moreover,this understanding perpetuates an artificial dichotomy between global security as"high politics"and global governance as“routine politics."This dichotomy has increasingly led to empirical conundrums within the current analytical paradigms of international relations.Contrary to this perspective,risk is not merely a matter of external,objective probabilities divorced from political behavior and systems;rather,it is inherently intertwined with politics itself.By reconceptualizing risk as a political construct,we can adopt a fresh lens and framework to comprehend global politics against the backdrop of globalization and deep uncertainty.Consequently,there arises a pressing need for novel tools and methodologies to effectively navigate the complexities of analyzing endogenous and intricate risks within political analysis.The theory and methodologies of global risk politics offer an integrated framework that delves beneath the surface of global affairs,elucidating the nuanced and profound political underpinnings of globalized risk.