美国限制中国农地投资的风险政治逻辑

The Logic of Risk Politics:Why Does the United States Restrict Chinese Agricultural Land Investment?

虽然中国对美国农地的投资规模较小,但近年来美国在联邦和州层面出台了大量限制中国农地投资的法案。基于风险的开放经济政治框架可以发现,生活在同一地区的居民往往有着类似的风险偏好,风险感知通过对相似性的判断而形成。由于中美之间在社会制度、发展阶段和历史文化上的巨大差异,美国社会和政治人物对中国的农地投资的风险感知往往被放大,促使对中国投资的风险评估更为保守。例如,在双汇收购史密斯菲尔德的案例中,对食品安全标准的担忧和对美国食品供应链潜在风险的关注加剧了对中国农业投资的警觉性。类似地,在阜丰投资北达科他州的案例中,投资方的中国背景和项目与重要军事基地的地理邻近性引起的国家安全担忧导致了项目的取消。

Although China's investment in U.S.agricultural land remains limited,the United States has introduced a significant number of legislative and regulatory measures at both federal and state levels in recent years to curb such investments.Existing national security explanations tend to overly emphasize traditional security concerns,neglecting the importance of security issues based on risk perception.In the meantime,traditional frameworks within open economy politics mainly focus on interest analysis and fail to fully account for the regional spread and political mobilization of risk.A risk-based framework within open economy politics posits that individuals within the same region often exhibit similar risk preferences,with perceptions of risk emerging from assessments of similarity.Given the substantial disparities between China and the United States in social systems,developmental stages,and historical-cultural contexts,the risk perception of Chinese agricultural land investment by American society and politicians is often amplified,leading to a more conservative risk assessment of such investments.For example,in the Smithfield acquisition by China's Shuanghui,concerns about food safety standards and potential risks to the American food supply chain intensified scrutiny of Chinese agricultural investment.Similarly,in the Fufeng investment in Grand Forks,North Dakota,the investor's Chinese background and the project's geographical proximity to a critical military base raised national security concerns,leading to the project's cancellation.