近代通商口岸与区域国别问题研究——以汕头为中心

Modern Treaty Ports of China in the Perspective of Area Studies--A Case Study of Shantou

近代中国东南沿海的通商口岸,既是其腹地的货物、人员流动的枢纽,具有连接腹地各地的区域特征,也是其腹地与海外产生联系的门户和中介之地,具有连接海外各地的跨区域特征,其发展以一种具体历史进程的方式,将“区域”和“国别”两个学理性范畴很自然地联结起来。近代闽粤人群的区域国别认知,使他们在参与通商口岸都市化及城市空间再生产的过程既发挥作用,又受到影响。对他们而言,区域国别可以是生产、经营上的意义,也可以是其本身及家族不同成员跨区域、跨国日常生活上的意义,而像汕头这样的近代通商口岸,正是他们为适应不同区域国别中的社会经济和政治文化环境而开展投资经营活动和跨国实践的重要场所。这一方面赋予了近代通商口岸新的商业、社会、文化等方面的意义,也强化了通商口岸成为都市侨乡的地方感和区域国别特征。

Modern treaty ports were not only the hub of the flow of goods and immigrant in the hinterland,which had the regional characteristics of connecting all parts of the hinterland,but also the gateway connecting its hinterland and overseas,and had the cross-regional characteristics of connecting overseas places.Their development naturally linked the two academic categories of"areas"and"country"in a specific historical process.The areas and country identity of the people of Guangdong and Fujian in modern times made them play an important role in the process of participating in the urbanization of treaty ports and the reproduction of urban space,and were also affected by this process.For them,areas and country could be the significance of production and management,but also could be the significance of their own and different members of the family cross-regional and transnational practice,and treaty ports were the important places for them to adapt to the social economic,political and cultural environment in different regions and countries to carry out investment and management activities and transnational practice.This aspect endowed the modern treaty port with new commercial,social and cultural significance,and also strengthened the sense of place of the treaty port as the hometown of overseas Chinese in the city.