典型时代中典型作品的身份界定与关系探求——以王希孟《千里江山图》为中心

Identity Definition and Relationship Exploration of Typical Works in Typical Times--Centering on Wang Ximeng's Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains

《千里江山图》青绿山水长卷是一件创作于北宋时期、在中国艺术史上具备里程碑意义的典型作品,其历史身份特殊,精神内涵丰富,整体美学风格由多方因素影响合力形成,创作目标与任务性质紧密围绕宋徽宗的思想文化理念和国家治理实践,是绘画发展历史转折期中引领时代风尚、表征美学观念的重要标志。《千里江山图》的款识是为典型,形象反映了当时专业画工群体社会地位低下、社会习俗追求画面完整与纯粹装饰效果、王希孟工作岗位的特殊及其生命的短暂等时代问题。在这一典型时期,立德、立言的含义逐渐延伸并开始涵盖绘画,以绘画创作为样板,以《千里江山图》等一批画作为导向标志、重要载体和内在推动力,艺术本体的创新目的、社会功用及美学立场均发生了重大改变,逐步由“文以载道”进入到“以艺立言”的国家话语体系和社会运行机制之中。贯穿该画作景物内容构成选择的价值理念及其美学风格,形象反映了当时社会审美风尚的重大转型,画面中一般城乡民用建筑与创作者在创作中后期二次添加皇家宫殿庙宇的建筑等级规制,深刻表达了王希孟的忠君思想,以及由热情赞颂劳动美学、真实反映基层人民生活到尊崇无上皇权价值理念的转变。

The green landscape scroll of Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountain(Qianli Jiangshan Tu)is a typical work created in the Northern Song Dynasty.Its historical identity and spiritual connotation set the benchmark for leading the trend and expressing aesthetic concepts.The artistic achievements and historical significance of this work were the result of multiple factors working together,with its creative goals and mission closely revolving around the ideological practice of Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty.The inscriptions on this work reflect the typical issues of the era,including the low social status of professional painters,the prevalent pursuit of complete visual composition and purely decorative effects,the special position of Wang Ximeng,and the transient nature of life.The meanings of virtue,speech and action were gradually blended to encompass painting,while gradually blended to encompass painting.Taking Huizong's creative practice of painting during his reign as a model,and a number of paintings such as Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains as an important carrier and driving force,the objectives,functions,and positions of artistie inheritance and innovation underwent significant changes,gradually entering the national discourse system of“art as a means of expression”and the official operational mechanisms.This shift represented a transition from passionately praising the aesthetics of labor and realstically depicting the lives of ordinary people to venerating the supreme value concept of imperial authority.