数字资产属性的界定及其证成

Definition and Justification of Digital Asset Attribute

对数字资产属性的界定与法律解释,需在法秩序统一性视野中,在统筹协调多部门法的基础上进行整体性思考。数字资产财物属性的界定,在宏观层面具有国家战略目标法律化的明显特征,与国家政策的价值导向相符合;在中观层面能得到民法规范与刑法规范的相互印证与支持,与法体系内的治理规则相融贯;在微观层面体现了数字资产的保护必要性、保护可能性和保护有效性,与数字资产的价值属性、管理属性、交换属性相契合,由此实现对数字资产财物属性的正向证成。经由破除技术主义路径依赖,破解数字资产相关财产犯罪中数额确定难题;通过财物概念统一性、利用规则竞争性,回应数字资产所依托底层数据代码的可复制性质疑;利用观念上的判断而非事实上的永恒,解答自然期限论对数字资产的不稳定性诘问,由此实现对数字资产财物属性的反向证成。

The definition and legal interpretation of the attributes of digital assets need to be considered as a whole from the perspective of the unity of legal order and on the basis of overall coordination of multi-sectoral laws.The definition of the property attribute of digital assets has the obvious characteristics of the legalization of national strategic objectives at the macro level,which is consistent with the value orientation of national policies;at the meso level,it can be mutually confirmed and supported by civil law norms and criminal law norms,and is consistent with the governance rules within the legal system.At the micro level,it reflects the necessity,possibility and effectiveness of the protection of digital assets,which is consistent with the value attributes,management attributes and exchange attributes of digital assets,thus realizing the positive justification of the property attributes of digital assets.By breaking the path dependence of technicalism,we can solve the problem of determining the amount of property crimes related to digital assets,and by using the unity of property concepts and the competitiveness of rules,we can respond to the doubts about the replicability of the underlying data codes on which digital assets rely.By using conceptual judgment rather than actual eternity,we can answer the question of natural time limit theory about the instability of digital assets,thus realizing the reverse justification of the property attributes of digital assets.