神经美学视角下中国山水画的审美意象创构

The Aesthetic Imagery Creation of Chinese Landscape Painting from the Perspective of Neuroaesthetics

在审美脑机制方面,中国山水画具有审美体验的文化独特性和差异性。中国山水画运用线条勾描和水墨笔法来再现物象,在审美早期快速激活大脑视觉皮层中的视觉神经元和视觉神经通路,使欣赏者能更快识别物体、更流畅进行审美感知加工。中国山水画采用“以大观小”等空间构图审美法则,在审美中后期激活了大脑的情感边缘系统、内颞叶的记忆创造系统、背外侧前额叶的推理系统、颞极的语义系统等,引发主体对真实山水的想象、情感记忆及社会意义的赋予,创构出充盈生命和性情的山水意象,达到言志、抒情和悟道的目的。中国山水画将实境和留白的虚境融为一体,虚实相生中气韵生动,生成意境之美。这主要是通过大脑反思内省的默认网络与镜像神经元系统、奖赏系统等区域的高同时性激活,达到“情”与“境”的高度统一,在情感共鸣中进行审美深度体验,创构出丰富的审美意象,产生了愉悦的审美情感,营造了萦绕于心、悠长辽远的审美意境。

In terms of aesthetic brain mechanism,Chinese landscape painting has the cultural uniqueness of aesthetic experience.Chinese landscape painting uses line and ink to reproduce objects,which rapidly activates visual neurons and visual neural pathways in the visual cortex of the brain in the early stage of aesthetic appreciation,so that viewers can recognize objects faster and process aesthetic perception more smoothly.Chinese landscape painting adopts the aesthetic principles of spatial composition such as“imaging the big from the small”,which activates the limbic cortex,the inner temporal lobe,the dorolateral prefrontal lobe,the temporal pole in the middle and late stages of aesthetic appreciation,triggering the subject’s imagination,emotional memory and social meaning of the real landscape,creating landscape imagery full of life and temperament.To achieve the purpose of expressing ambition,expressing emotion and realizing enlightenment.Chinese landscape painting emphasizes the integration of reality and the emptiness of the blank,and the emptiness and reality give rise to the vividness of the spirit and generate the beauty of artistic conception.This is mainly through high simultaneous activation of the default network and other brain regions,to carry out aesthetic depth experience in emotional resonance,create rich aesthetic imagery,produce pleasant aesthetic emotions,and create lingering and distant aesthetic artistic conception.