从清朝乾隆时期抄产清单看西方毛织品在华传播与使用

A Study on the Spread and Use of Western Woolen Goods Centered on Inventories of Property in the Qianlong Reign

本研究利用104份抄家财产清单及相关史料考察清前中期西方毛织品的传播和使用。研究发现,早在乾隆时期,西方毛织品传播的地理范围就已遍及全国各地,即使偏远地区的低级别官员也拥有西方毛织品,西方毛织品经由官员和商人运销到全国各地。西方毛料用来制作便装、行装、官服等服装,被子、床毯、地毯、椅垫、桌垫等家居用品,荷包、口袋、帽子等配饰,雨衣、雨帽等雨具,西方毛织品还用来送礼。不过,当时西方毛织品是奢侈品,主要在官员、富商等拥有较强经济实力的群体中扩大传播。

This study investigates the spread and use of Western woolen goods in the early and middle Qing dynasty by using 104 inventories of property and related historical materials.The study finds that as early as the Qianlong reign,the geographically Western woolen goods were spread throughout the country,and even low-level officials in remote areas possessed Western woolen goods,which were transported and sold in various parts of the country through officials and merchants.Western woolen goods were used to make clothing such as civilian clothes,traveling outfits and official uniforms;household items such as quilts,bed blankets,carpets,chair cushions and table mats;accessories such as purses, pockets and hats;and rain gear such as raincoats and rain hats. They were also used as gifts. However, they were luxuries in the early and middle Qing dynasty, only spread among groups with strong financial strength, such as officials and wealthy businessmen.