山西平定开河寺石窟研究——北朝时期的三个洞窟和隋开皇元年“镇国王像双丈八”铭摩崖大佛

A Study of the Kaihe Temple Caves in Pingding,Shanxi——Three Northern Dynasties Caves and a Large Cliff Carving of the Buddha with a Sui Dynasty Inscription on a"Statue of the King of Zhenguo and a Pair of Zhangba Statues"

开河寺石窟现存三个北朝洞窟和一尊隋初的摩崖大佛。三个洞窟最早的铭文为东魏武定五年(547),摩崖大佛铭文为隋开皇元年(581),大佛旁台座铭文为北魏永平三年(510)。这表明从北魏到隋朝,当地佛教徒持续在此造营供奉。笔者考察了造像及铭文,发现了另一尊摩崖大佛的痕迹,认为铭文中的“镇国王”是指隋文帝,“双丈八”最初应是双像弥勒佛,敬奉“二圣”隋文帝和独孤皇后。此外,据豆卢通及其子僧奴有关资料,“镇国王像双丈八”铭文极有可能是在隋开皇八年(588)之后题刻的。

At the Kaihe Temple caves in Shanxi,there are three Northern Dynasties(6th century)caves and one large cliff carving of the Buddha from the early Sui dynasty.The earliest inscriptions in the caves date from 547(5th year of the Wuding era,Eastern Wei dynasty),and the cliff inscriptionis from 581(1st year of the Kaihuang era,Sui dynasty).In addition,the pedestal of a Buddhist sculpture next to the large Buddha statue bears an inscription dated to 510(3rd year of the Yongping era,Northern Wei dynasty).These dates indicate that local Buddhists carved and dedicated sculptures at the site from the Northern Wei to the Sui dynasty.After inspecting the current state of the statue and its inscriptions,the author discovered traces of another cliff Bud-dha,suggesting that the term"statue of the King of Zhenguo"in the inscription refers to Emperor Wen of the Sui dynasty,and that the phrase"a pair of Zhangba statues"(shuang zhangba双丈八)refers to a pair of large Maitreya Buddha sculptures representing the consecration of Emperor Wen(wendi文帝)and Empress Dugu(dugu huanghou独孤皇后).In addition,examination of materials linking Doulu Tong(豆卢通)and his son Sengnu(僧奴)indicates a strong possibility that the above inscription was finished sometime after the year 588(8th year of the Kaihuang era,Sui dynasty).