植物磷饥饿信号分子调控网络及磷高效遗传改良

Molecular regulation network of phosphorus starvation signaling and genetic improvement of phosphorus efficiency in plants

磷是植物生长发育所必需的大量营养元素,也是不可再生资源,其在土壤中易固定、移动慢的特点导致多数农田磷的生物有效性较低,严重影响了作物的产量和品质.农业生产中主要通过额外施加磷肥的方式来解决大部分土壤磷有效性低的问题.但是,鉴于磷在土壤中的理化特性,磷肥施入土壤后约85%~90%会变成植物难以利用的磷形态.土壤中大量磷肥的滞留不仅造成磷矿资源的浪费,还加剧了土壤地力的衰退,引起水体富营养化等环境问题.因此,如何从作物自身出发,充分挖掘和提升作物吸收利用磷养分的生物学潜力,减少磷肥施用是植物营养领域研究的热点和难点.本文综述了近年来植物磷饥饿信号调控及磷高效作物遗传改良的研究进展,对未来磷养分研究的关键点进行了展望,并提出了潜在的作物磷高效遗传改良模式.

Phosphorus(P),one non-renewable resource,is an essential macroelement for plant growth and development.Its easy fixation and slow movement in soil result in low bioavailability in most farmland,thus seriously affecting crop yield and quality.In an agricultural production system,the problem of low P availability in soil is solved mainly by applying extra P-fertilizers.However,due to the physical and chemical properties of P in soil,about 85%-90%of P-fertilizers applied to the soil will change into other forms that cannot be used by plants.The retention of a large number of P-fertilizers in soil not only causes the waste of P resources,but also intensifies the decline of soil fertility and causes environmental problems such as water eutrophication.Therefore,how to fully explore and improve the biological potential of P-absorption and-utilization of crops and reduce the application of P-fertilizers are the hot and difficult topics in the field of plant nutrition.In this article,the molecular regulatory network of P-signaling and-balancing in plants and the genetic improvement of P-efficient crops in recent years were reviewed.The key points of P nutrient research in the future have been prospected,and the potential models for genetic improvement of P efficiency in crops are proposed.