基于凝胶电泳技术的蛋白质复合体研究进展

Recent advances in gel electrophoresis for the study of protein complexes

蛋白质复合体(protein complexes,PCs)在细胞组成及各类生理生化过程中发挥重要而关键的作用,如质膜形成、信号转导、抗原抗体识别、物质运输、能量代谢、蛋白质合成与降解、DNA损伤修复等.但由于其结构的复杂性,分离纯化对PCs的结构与功能研究至关重要;如何保持PCs结构完整性及生物活性是该领域研究的热点问题之一.凝胶电泳技术由于其简便、易操作、经济、高效等特点,在PCs研究中得到广泛的应用.本文概括适用于PCs研究的非变性凝胶电泳和多种电泳级联的方法、特点及相关技术流程,为有效分离PCs提供一定的理论基础和技术参考,并基于此进一步系统性地综述这些技术在细胞、细胞外以及非细胞PCs中的研究进展.凝胶电泳技术在PCs研究中已取得长足进步,但仍有较大的发展空间,例如个性化、模块化、微型化、自动化是其将来发展的主要趋势.可以预见的是,随着凝胶电泳方法与其他联用技术的进一步发展,人们对PCs的了解也将不断加深.

Protein complexes(PCs)occupy indispensable roles in cellular composition,as well as various physiological and biochemical processes.These vital functions encompass plasma membrane formation,signal transduction,antigen and antibody recognition,substance transport,energy metabolism,protein synthesis and degradation,and DNA damage repair.However,the separation and purification of PCs are crucial for comprehending their intricate structural nature and functional properties.Ensuring the structural integrity and biological activity of PCs has become a significant concern within this field.Gel electrophoresis has been extensively utilized in studying PCs due to its simplicity,operational ease,cost-effectiveness,and high efficiency.In this review,we comprehensively examine non-denaturing gel electrophoresis techniques and various electrophoresis cascade methods,elucidating their respective attributes and associated technical procedures,all of which are suitable for studying PCs.This review provides a robust theoretical foundation,serving as a valuable technical resource for the efficient isolation of PCs.Additionally,it systematically evaluates the progress made in research involving cellular,extracellular,and non-cellular PCs,based on the aforementioned technologies.Despite significant advancements achieved through gel electrophoresis,there remains ample room for further development.Future directions in this technology involve customization,modularization,miniaturization,and automation,which emerge as primary trends shaping its evolution.Through progressive advancements in gel electrophoresis and synergistic integration of complementary techniques,our comprehension of PCs is destined to reach uncharted depths.The remarkable evolution of gel electrophoresis,coupled with synergistic technologies,will undeniably propel our understanding of PCs toward new frontiers.