植入式生物可降解电化学储能器件的研究进展

Recent advances in biodegradable implantable electrochemical energy storage devices

新型生物可降解的植入式医疗电子器件在个性化健康监测和疾病的精准诊疗方面展现出巨大的应用潜力.然而,真正实现临床应用还面临着诸多挑战,尤其是缺乏与之相匹配的生物可降解能源器件.现有的植入式电池体积庞大、封装坚硬,与柔软的生物组织机械失配.此外,电池所使用材料包含有毒有害物质,植入体内后存在严重的安全隐患,更重要的是服役结束后需要通过二次手术移除,这给患者带来了极大的身体和经济负担.具有瞬态特性和良好生物相容性的柔性供能器件为解决以上问题提供了新的途径.其中,生物可降解电化学储能器件具有独立的供电能力,基本不受外部条件约束,这与植入式医疗电子的特殊应用场景完美契合.基于此,本文重点综述了面向植入式医疗电子应用的生物可降解电池及超级电容器的最新研究进展,根据器件构型对其进行了分类讨论,内容包括工作原理、材料选择、电化学性能、降解行为等.最后探讨了各自所面临的一些问题和挑战,并对未来的发展方向进行了展望.

Emerging biodegradable implantable medical electronics have shown great potential for application in personalized health monitoring and precise diagnosis and treatment of diseases.However,numerous challenges to achieving actual clinical applications still exist because of the lack of associated biodegradable power sources.Existing implantable batteries are bulky and encased in rigid materials,leading to mechanical mismatch with soft biological tissues.Additionally,the materials used in the power source contain toxic substances,posing serious safety hazards once implanted in the body.More importantly,a second surgery is required to remove the batteries after their service life,imposing a substantial physical and economic burden on patients.Flexible energy devices with transient characteristics and excellent biocompatibility offer a new strategy for addressing the aforementioned challenges.Among them,biodegradable electrochemical energy storage devices have independent power supply capability and are nearly unconstrained by external conditions,which are aligned seamlessly with the unique application scenario of implantable medical electronics.Therefore,this study focuses on a comprehensive review of the latest research advancements in biodegradable batteries and supercapacitors for implantable medical electronic applications.The discussion categorizes these devices according to their configurations,highlighting their working principles,material selection,electrochemical performance,and degradation behavior.Finally,this review outlines the challenges and issues facing these technologies and offers insights into future development directions.