干燥方式对金银花酚酸类和黄酮类成分的影响

Effects of different drying methods on phenolic acids and flavonoids of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos

目的:比较不同方式干燥金银花中17种酚酸类成分和20种黄酮类成分的含量,确定金银花的最佳干燥方式。方法:用不同方式(晒干、阴干、低温烘干、高温烘干、微波杀青低温烘干和微波杀青高温烘干)干燥金银花,运用高效液相色谱串联三重四极杆质谱(HPLC-QQQ-MS/MS)测定酚酸类和黄酮类成分含量,结合主成分分析(PCA)和层次聚类分析(HCA)等化学模式识别分析,评价金银花质量。结果:晒干金银花总酚酸含量最高,为53 939.39μg/g,其他干燥方式优劣顺序为低温烘干>微波杀青低温烘干>微波杀青高温烘干>阴干>高温烘干;低温烘干金银花总黄酮含量最高,为4 002.24μg/g,其他干燥方式优劣顺序为晒干>微波杀青低温烘干>阴干>微波杀青高温烘干>高温烘干。微波杀青处理能有效减少活性成分的酶促分解。PCA和HCA分析结果表明,不同方式干燥金银花酚酸类和黄酮类成分含量差异较大,芹菜素、绿原酸甲酯、紫云英苷和野漆树苷等15个成分是6种方式干燥金银花的差异成分。结论:不同方式干燥金银花酚酸类和黄酮类成分含量有显著差异,微波杀青后恒温烘干,不仅可使金银花保留较好色泽,还能保持较高的活性成分含量,是一种很有前途的干燥技术。

Objective:To determine the best drying method of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos(LJF)by comparing the contents of 17 phenolic acids and 20 flavonoids in different drying methods.Methods:LJF was dried by different methods(sun drying,shade drying,low temperature drying,high temperature drying,microwave drying at low temperature and microwave drying at high temperature).The contents of phenolic acids and flavonoids were determined by HPLC-QQQ-MS/MS,and the quality of LJF was evaluated by PCA and HCA chemical pattern recognition analysis.Results:The total phenolic acid content of sun-dried LJF was the highest,which was 53939.39μg/g.The order of other drying methods was low temperature drying>microwave drying at low temperature>microwave drying at high temperature>shade drying>high temperature drying.The content of total flavonoids in low temperature drying was the highest,which was 4002.24μg/g.The order of other drying methods was sun drying>microwave drying at low temperature>shade drying>microwave drying at high temperature>high temperature drying.Microwave treatment could effectively reduce the enzymatic decomposition of active ingredients.The results of PCA and HCA analysis showed that the contents of phenolic acids and flavonoids of LJF dried by different methods were significantly different.Apigenin,methyl chlorogenic acid,astragalin and rhoifolin among the 15 were the different components of 6 methods.Conclusion:The contents of phenolic acids and flavonoids of LJF are significantly different in different drying methods.Microwave drying at constant temperature could not only make LJF retain better color,but also keep higher content of active ingredients,which is a promising drying technology.