民族地区特色农业产业富民效应评估及提档升级路径策略——以湘西州千户猕猴桃产业样本为例

Enrichment effect evaluation of characteristic agricultural industries in ethnic areas and strategies for upgrading paths——taking sample of thousand households'kiwifruit industry in Xiangxi Prefecture as an example

民族地区特色产业提档升级对于有效衔接乡村产业振兴尤为重要,研究民族地区特色农业产业的富民效应具有现实意义。文章基于2021年湘西州猕猴桃产业1005份微观调查数据,运用多元线性回归模型、工具变量法、倾向得分匹配法和门槛回归模型,系统分析猕猴桃特色产业的富民效应。结果表明:(1)猕猴桃产业显著增加农户的产业收益。在使用工具变量法和倾向得分匹配法处理内生性问题,以及更换被解释变量和调整样本处理后,结论依旧显著。(2)倾向得分匹配法的平均处理效应(ATT)显示,与没有种植猕猴桃的农户相比,种植猕猴桃农户的产业收益整体平均要高8.95%。(3)猕猴桃产业富民效应存在异质性。农户经营规模达到1.13hm^(2)(17亩)以上时,猕猴桃产业的富民效应更加显著。本文聚焦全国14个连片脱贫地区之一的湘西州特色农业产业,对其富民效应进行评估,提供提档升级策略,丰富了已有文献的研究结论。基于研究结论,文章提出政策启示:一是完善民族地区特色产业振兴政策;二是做好特色农产品生产加工及销售平台搭建工作;三是加强和完善规模经营补贴措施。

The upgrading of characteristic industries in ethnic areas is particularly important for the effective connection of rural industrial revitalization,and it is of practical significance to study the enrichment effect of characteristic agricultural industries in ethnic areas.Based on 1005 households'micro-survey data of kiwifruit industry in Xiangxi Prefecture in 2021,the article systematically analyzed the enrichment effect of kiwifruit characteristic industry by using multiple linear regression model,instrumental variable method,Propensity Score Matching(PSM)method and threshold regression model.The results showed that:(1)Kiwifruit industry significantly increased the industrial income of farmers.The conclusion remained significant after using the instrumental variable method and PSM method to deal with endogeneity,as well as replacing the explanatory variables and adjusting the sample treatment.(2)The average treatment effect(ATT)of PSM showed that the industrial returns of kiwifruit farmers were about 8.95%higher than those who did not grow kiwifruit.(3)There was heterogeneity in the enrichment effect of kiwifruit industry,and the enrichment effect of kiwifruit industry was more significant when the scale of operation of farmers reached 1.13hm^(2)(17 mu)or more.This paper focused on the assessment of the enrichment effect of the characteristic agricultural industries and the upgrading path strategies in Xiangxi Prefecture,one of the 14 contiguous poverty alleviation areas in China,which enriched the research conclusions of the existing literature.Based on the research conclusions,the article put forward policy inspirations:First,improve the policy of revitalization of characteristic industries in ethnic areas.Second,do a good job in building a platform for the production,processing and marketing of characteristic agricultural products.Third,strengthen and improve the subsidy measures for large-scale operation.