纳米抗体偶联药物的研究进展

Research progress on nanobody-drug conjugate

抗体偶联药物(antibody-drug conjugate,ADC)因其具有靶点清晰、特异性强等优点已成为临床上治疗多种疾病尤其是癌症的有效手段。但传统ADC中的单克隆抗体组织渗透能力差,存在免疫原性和免疫毒性等风险,且改造成本高。由驼科动物血液中提取的纳米抗体(nanobody,Nb)是目前已知具有完整抗原结合能力的最小抗体片段,具有组织渗透能力强、免疫原性低、特异性强、稳定性高等优势,可以代替传统单克隆抗体参与构建纳米抗体偶联药物(nanobody-drug conjugate,NDC)。本文从纳米抗体结构优势、NDC的构建、纳米抗体偶联物的应用三个方面进行综述与讨论,以期为NDC的研究与发展提供思路。

Antibody-drug conjugate(ADC) has become an effective method for treating various diseases,especially cancer,due to its clear target and good selectivity in clinical practice.However,the monoclonal antibodies in traditional ADC have poor tissue permeability,high modification costs,pose risks such as immunogenicity and immunotoxicity.The nanobody(Nb) which is extracted from the blood of camel animals,is the smallest antibody fragment known to have complete antigen binding ability.It has advantages such as strong tissue permeability,strong specificity,low immunogenicity,and high stability,and can replace traditional monoclonal antibodies to participate in the construction of nanobody-drug conjugate(NDC).This article reviews and discusses the advantages of Nb structure,the construction and application of NDC in the hope of providing ideas for the research and development of NDC.