宁夏道地药材枸杞子等级质量标准研究

Grade quality standard development of Lycium barbarum fruits from Ningxia genuine producing area

基于传统性状鉴别结合现代中药分析手段的综合评价模式用于宁夏道地药材枸杞子等级划分关键指标的辨识和等级质量标准的建立。本草考证和市场调查指导下,将粒径大小、表皮颜色和不完善粒作为外在性状指标;聚焦枸杞子品质评价的全面性和有效性,在水分、灰分、水溶性浸出物、枸杞多糖(Lyciumbarbarum polysaccharide,LBP)和甜菜碱等药典规定指标的基础上,增加枸杞酸(2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid,AA-2βG)、玉米黄质双棕榈酸酯(zeaxanthin dipalmitate,ZD)和挥发性醚浸出物为内在质量指标。并通过t检验、相关性分析和主成分分析等数理统计方法,考察不同等级枸杞子外观性状与内在质量的关联,从而进行质量等级的划分和标准的制定,最后从体外细胞水平比较不同等级枸杞子提取物的活性差异。结果表明,枸杞子主要以“粒大色红”为佳;除甜菜碱外,其余指标成分均在表皮颜色鲜红和一等枸杞子中相对偏高;表皮颜色和水分、水溶性浸出物、LBP、AA-2βG和ZD含量之间存在显著相关。综合研究结果和市场流通情况,本研究以枸杞子的粒径大小和表皮颜色为基础,同时引入LBP、AA-2βG、ZD、水溶性浸出物和水分等多指标进一步指导等级划分,建立了外观性状和内在质量关键指标相结合的宁夏道地药材枸杞子等级质量标准,体外细胞活性也初步证实了一等枸杞子具有更为显著的“滋补肝肾”活性,这为枸杞子的质量控制和优质优价的实现提供了实验依据。

An integrated evaluation model based on the combination of traditional trait identification and modern chemical analysis was used for the identification of key indexes of grade classification and the establishment of grade quality standard of Lycium barbarum fruits(LBF)from Ningxia genuine producing area.Under the guidance of herbal examination and market survey,particle size,skin color and imperfection were taken as the external trait indicators;focusing on the comprehensiveness and validity of the quality evaluation,2-O-β-Dglucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid(AA-2βG),zeaxanthin dipalmitate(ZD)and volatile ether extractives were used as important parameters involving in quality evaluation in addition to the pharmacopoeia test items and determination indicators such as moisture,ash,water-soluble extractives,Lycium barbarum polysaccharide(LBP)and betaine.The quality differences between different traits and grades of LBF as well as the relevance between character and quality were further investigated by mathematical and statistical means such as t-test analysis,correlation analysis and principal component analysis(PCA).Furthermore,the activities of extractives from different grades of LBF were compared at cellular level.The results showed that LBF were mainly preferred for large and red ones;except for betaine,the other index components were relatively high(moisture and ash were low)in the first-grade and samples with bright-red skin color.Besides,there was a significant correlation between skin color and moisture,water-soluble extractives,LBP,AA-2βG and ZD contents.Considering the results of the study and the market situation,the present study took the grain size and skin color of LBF as the core of evaluation,and at the same time introduced the multi-indicator components including LBP,AA-2βG,ZD,water-soluble extractives and moisture to further guide the grading,and established the quality standard of LBF grades combining the trait indexes and the chemical composition.More importantly,in vitro cell models both preliminarily confirmed that the first-grade LBF played a more significant"nourishing liver and kidney"effect,which provided an experimental basis for the quality control of LBF and promoted the realization of high quality and good price.