比较文化视域下白璧德新人文主义自然观的构建

The Construction of the View of Nature of New Humanism Under the Comparative Cultural Perspective

白璧德新人文主义自然观的构建融入了诸多东方文化要素,尤其是中国早期道家的思想资源。基于西方现代人的神、人、自然三维心理结构,白璧德比较中西方的“自然”文化理论,批判自然主义的自然人性论,汲取中国道家内敛的“集中”思想和“虚己的想象力”,同时,会通中国儒家文化、佛教文化以及基督教文化,从中提挈了“超理性的更高意志”作为人性根源处力量。在此基础上,白璧德“人文化”了西方自然主义自然观,将之转化为人文主义自然观,把人从自然性中超拔出来,使其成为一个有品格的个人。白璧德新人文主义自然观的构建是对18世纪以来的西方现代扩张运动的一次反思和反拨,希冀在一定程度上矫正西方扩张的自然主义文明方向。

In the process of constructing the new humanistic view of nature,Babbitt puts the Eastern cultures,particularly early Chinese Taoist thought,into the context of Western modernity.Drawing from the psychological structure of God-man-nature found in Western modernism,Babbitt critiques the naturalistic perspective on human nature and incorporates ideas of concentration and introspective imagination from early Chinese Taoists.Additionally,Babbitt connects Confucianism,Buddhism and Christianity,and summarizes a super-rational higher will as a primordial fact in man,and transforms the naturalistic view of nature into the humanistic view of nature.This transformation shifts the naturalistic view of nature towards a humanistic one,allowing individuals to transcend their natural inclinations and develop character.The humanistic view of nature is a reflection of modern expansive movement since the Enlightenment for correcting the expansive direction of Western civilization to a certain extent.