数据知识产权保护论纲

A Fundamental Approach on Intellectual Property Protection of Data

数据是人类认识客观世界的媒介,是知识或创新的原料。在“大数据+机器学习”为主导的智能时代,传统以人类智能为主的知识生产方式被改变,进一步分为数据生产和知识生产两个阶段,其中数据具有生产资料性质。因此,推进数据资源的社会化利用,促进知识生产从而提升社会生产力是数据权益保护的最终目的。知识产权制度是为了激励创新,但作为事实的数字化表示,数据很难在知识产权体系中获得专有权保护,应当尊重数据持有者的权益,通过构建可信数据流通框架,实现数据社会化配置和利用;而知识生产最终产出的形态和价值相对固定的知识产品,可以在知识产权体系下寻求赋权模式的保护,位于知识生产上游的数据生产者甚或来源者则只能直接或间接地分享数据创新或创新成果带来的利益。

Data is the medium through which humans understand the objective world and the raw material for knowledge or innovation.In the era of intelligence marked by"big data+machine learning",the knowledge production method dominated by human intelligence has been changed,which being divided into two stages:data production and knowledge production,where data is of a means of production.Therefore,It is the ultimate goal of data rights protection to promote knowledge production to enhance social productivity through maximizing social utilization of data resources.The intellectual property regime is designed to stimulate innovation,but data,as a dig-ital representation of facts,is dfficult to obtain exclusive protection in the intellectual property system.The rights and interests of data holders should be respected,and a trustworthy data circu-lation framework should be constructed to achieve social allocation and utilization of data;Knowl-edge products that have a relatively fixed form and value in the final output of data production can seek the entitlement protection under the intellectual property system.Data producers or even sources located upstream of knowledge production can only directly or indirectly share the benefits brought by data innovation or innovative achievements.