数据的竞争规则构建——以《反不正当竞争法》修订为视角

Construction of Competitive Rules for Data——From the Perspective of the Revision of the Law of Anti-Unfair Competition

数据竞争规则的构建,应置于“法益—权益—利益”的分析框架之下。目前《反不正当竞争法》正在经历第三次修订,在数字时代的背景下,本次修订增加了若干数据及数字经济条款,这些条款中的诸多内容系已有司法实践规则的提炼与总结。《反不正当竞争法》的法益包括竞争者利益、消费者利益和社会公共利益三重结构。对于数据反不正当竞争,应首先认定经营者的数据权益,进而判断其他经营者的相关行为是否影响其竞争优势和竞争利益,同时兼顾消费者权益和社会公共利益之考量,维护公平竞争的市场秩序。《反不正当竞争法(修订草案征求意见稿)》第18条为数据专条,规定了商业数据的反不正当竞争规则,是亮点之一。在《反不正当竞争法》修法过程中,应充分考虑“立法—司法”之间的二元互动关系,从而弥补法律漏洞,完善规则建构。

The construction of data competition rules should be placed within the analytical framework of"Legal interests-Rights-Interests".At present,the Law of Anti-Unfair Competition is undergoing its third revision.In the context of the digital age,this revision has added several data protection clauses,which are extracted and summarized from existing judicial practice rules.The legal interests of the Law of Anti-Unfair Competition includes a triple structure of competitor interests,consumer interests,and social public interests.For the unfair competition of data,the data rights and interests of operators should be recognized first,and then the relevant behaviors of other operators should be judged whether they affect their competitive advantages and interests.At the same time,consumer rights and social public interests should be considered to maintain a fair competition market order.Article 18 of the Law of Anti-Unfair Competition(Revised draft)is a specific provision of data,which sets out against competition rules for commercial data and is one of the highlights.However,including data clauses,in the process of amending the law,the more consideration should still be given to the binary interaction between legislation and justice,aiming to fill legal loopholes and improve the rules.