拜占庭皇帝阿莱克修斯一世授予威尼斯《金玺诏书》再考

The Chrysobull Granted to Venice by Alexios I,the Byzantine Emperor:A Reinvestigation

拜占庭皇帝阿莱克修斯一世曾授予威尼斯《金玺诏书》,其中众多条款都对威尼斯的海上发展与地中海贸易极为有利。受益于《金玺诏书》及诸多特权,威尼斯成功地帮助拜占庭摆脱了诺曼人带来的西部边疆危机。同时,凭借自身海上优势,威尼斯使拜占庭原本疲软无力的国内经济与港口贸易活跃起来,进而推动了拜占庭经济走向复兴。然而,从长远角度看,《金玺诏书》对中晚期的拜占庭也产生了诸多负面影响。同威尼斯一样,热那亚、比萨等意大利海上城市国家也获得了拜占庭授予的《金玺诏书》与贸易特权,由此引发了这些城市在拜占庭的竞争与暴力冲突,最终使拜占庭走向衰落。

The present paper,reconstructing the history,in which Alexios I,one of the Byzantine emperors,granted Chrysobull to Venice and advance greatly the city state's maritime development and Mediterranean trade,contends that,from the long run,Chrysobull exerted multiple negative influences on Venice on the grounds that other coastal city states such as Genoa and Pisa obtained privileges to trade through such e-dict and there were inevitable competitions and even violent conflicts leading to the decline of Byzantine Empire finally.