1957年日本废除“中国差别”政策与对美交涉——以日本解密档案为中心的考察

Japan's Abandonment of China Difference Policy and Negotiation with the U.S.in 1957:An Investigation Based on Declassified Japanese Archives

为了缓解经济危机并应对冷战缓和形势,1957年日本岸信介政府决定放宽对华出口管制标准、废除“中国差别”政策,以现实主义态度增进对华贸易,但美国却坚持意识形态偏见和对华遏制思维,反对这一决定。日本凭借各种有利条件,利用英、法等国与美国的矛盾,并从国民情绪、地缘均势、防共战术与同盟义务等方面开展对美交涉。为维护美日关系以及西方阵营的稳定,美国被迫默许日本可以单独行事,而日本既参考英国等国的行动,又主动稳定对美关系,数次调整目标,最后推迟至1957年7月才采取行动。日本废除“中国差别”政策的过程揭示出1950年代后期美日关系的重要变动,以及日本对华经济政策背后所隐藏的“两个中国”意图。

The present paper,revealing that in 1957,Japan headed by Kishi Nobusuke decided to improve the trade with China in a realistic manner while negotiating with the Washington regime obsessed with anti-China ideology,concludes that Japan finally had the tacit approval of the U.S.by making the best of favorable conditions such as the contradictions existing between the U.S.and European powers and that there were indeed significant changes in Japanese-American relations in the late 1950s.