纳米纤维基膜材料在油水分离中的研究进展

Research Progress of Nanofiber-based Membrane Materials in Oil-water Separation

随着工业发展和人们生活水平的提高,水污染问题越发严重。含油废水的排放不仅对经济产生影响,也会破坏和扰乱我们的生活环境和生态平衡。越来越多的研究学者正在致力于开发各种润湿性膜材料,以便将油和水实现高效分离。其中,采用静电纺丝技术制备的纳米纤维膜因具有润湿性可控、孔结构可调、比表面积大等优势被广泛应用于水净化和油水分离领域。因此,本文从润湿机理入手系统综述了静电纺丝纳米纤维膜在油水分离方面的研究进展,从常规润湿膜(超疏水膜和亲水-水下疏油膜)、特殊润湿膜(刺激响应膜和不对称润湿Janus膜)和其他多功能复合膜等方面进行归纳总结,并针对不同润湿性膜在使用过程中可能存在的问题及面临的挑战进行分析,以便更好地了解纳米纤维材料在该领域存在的局限性,为后续纳米纤维膜材料在油水分离方向的发展提供思路。

With the development of industry and the improvement of people’s living standards,the problem of water pollution is becoming more and more serious.The discharge of oily wastewater not only has an impact on the economy,but also destroys and disrupts our living environment and ecological balance.The nanofiber membrane prepared by electrospinning technology is widely used in water purification and oil-water separation because of its advantages of controllable wettability,adjustable pore structure and large specific surface area.This paper systematically reviews the research progress on water filtration of electrospinning nanofiber membranes from the perspective of wetting mechanism,including conventional wetting membranes(superhydrophobic membranes and hydrophilic-underwater oleophobic membranes),special wetting membranes(stimulus response membranes and asymmetric wetting Janus membranes)and other multifunctional composite membranes.Finally,the main problems and challenges that exist in the use of different wettable membranes are analyzed in order to understand the limitations of nanofiber materials in this field,which provides ideas for the subsequent development of nanofiber membrane in the direction of oil-water separation.