“文荫武备”理念下陇中黄土高原传统村落的活化及治理研究——以榆中县黄家庄村为例

Research on the activation and governance of traditional villages in the Longzhong Loess Plateau under the concept of“Wenyin Wubei”:A case study of Huangjiazhuang village in Yuzhong county

当前黄土高原地区传统村落面临着失活衰退、治理低效等问题,如何促使传统村落活态化发展,形成长效的治理机制是当前地区传统村落保护发展的焦点。以陇中黄土高原榆中县黄家庄村为例,通过田野调查和深度访谈,建立“文荫武备”规划理念下陇中黄土高原传统村落活态评价指标体系,采用ADL加权求和、变异系数以及IPA分析法判别村落的发展状况,以活态性、长效性为前提,提高陇中黄土高原传统村落活化与治理能力。研究表明:①黄家庄村ADL值为67.03,活态化水平一般,处于“失活”状态。根据分析结果与调研实证,村落可优先从人居优化、文化挖掘、基础建设、主体活力、治理力度等方面促进村落活化,提高治理水平。②结合黄家庄村总体活态得分、指标层、IPA、变异系数综合分析得出,黄家庄村目前在文化特色、基础建设方面活态化发展水平较高,而在人居环境、村落主体和治理水平方面仍有较大发展空间,反映出传统村落的活态化发展是多维度、多层面综合作用的结果。③“文荫”上从人文格局、文化特色、人居环境3个层面提出适宜村落在地活化的路径对策;“武备”上从基础建设、灾害防治、村民主体、产业发展4个层面提出适宜村落长效治理的路径对策,继而建立传统村落文荫武备的长效机制,促进村落可持续发展。

At present,the traditional villages in the Loess Plateau are facing the problems of deactivation and inefficiency.How to promote the development of traditional villages and form a long-term governance mechanism is the focus of the protection and development of traditional villages in the current region.“Wenyin Wubei”is a planning and design concept that emphasizes the integration of cultural affairs and military training.Taking Huangjiazhuang village in Yuzhong county of Longzhong Loess Plateau as an example,through field investigation and in-depth interview,the evaluation index system of traditional villages in this region under the planning concept of“Wenyin Wubei”was established.The development status of villages was judged by ADL weighted sum,coefficient of variation and IPA analysis.On the premise of activity and long-term effectiveness,the activation and governance ability of traditional villages in the study area was improved.The research shows that:(1)The ADL value of Huangjiazhuang village is 67.03,the level of active state is general,and it is in the state of“inactivation”.According to the analysis results and empirical research,villages can give priority to promoting the activation of villages and improving the level of governance from the aspects of human settlement optimization,cultural excavation,infrastructure construction,main body vitality and governance strength.(2)Based on the comprehensive analysis of the overall living score,index layer,IPA and coefficient of variation of Huangjiazhuang village,it is concluded that Huangjiazhuang village currently has a high level of living development in terms of cultural characteristics and infrastructure construction,while there is still a large space for development in terms of living environment,village subject and governance level,reflecting that the living development of traditional villages is the result of multi-dimensional and multi-level comprehensive effects.(3)From the three aspects of humanistic pattern,cultural characteristics and living environment,this paper puts forward the path countermeasures suitable for the activation of villages in the“Wenyin”;from the four aspects of infrastructure construction,disaster prevention and control,villagers'main body and industrial development,this paper puts forward the path countermeasures suitable for the longterm governance of villages in the“Wubei”,and then the long-term mechanism of traditional village culture and military equipment is established to promote the sustainable development of villages.