试论我国生物科技伦理治理现代化的问题和策略

Issues and strategies for the modernization of biotechnology ethical governance in China

科技伦理及其治理是当前和未来一段时期极为重要的话题[1].一方面是因为科技在当代社会的广泛渗透、作用和多重影响,特别是以生物科技、AI等为代表的新兴科技通过将原本主体的人转变为科技研发应用的对象——客体,快速影响、塑造着人与自身、人与他人、人与家庭和社会的关系;另一方面是因为伦理关注的是将人的价值和意义摆在首位,是对广泛的人与人、人与社会的规范化关系的持续、永恒性追求.作为社会发展进步的两种根本性力量,科技和伦理之间的相互凝视、相互碰撞、相互缠绕、相互规定和相互启发,决定着科技进步的大方向,也决定着伦理学发展的大方向,甚至影响和决定着国家的命运、人类进步的方向.

The ethical governance of science and technology is a crucial subject currently and will continue to be in the future.It presents an unprecedented opportunity to explore the origins,examine the trends,and promote the modernization of biotechnology’s ethical governance in China.This paper attempts to review,re-examine,and reanalyze various theoretical issues through the lens of both practical applications and theoretical analyses of biotechnology ethics and biosecurity.For a comprehensive understanding,we must revisit the theoretical roots of ethics and the ethical norms of science and technology.This paper explores the root causes of the conflict and integration of ethical values and scientific and technological innovation values.It does this by examining historical cycles and proposes that the ethical governance of science and technology is a clear reflection of the integration of these value propositions.The ethical dilemmas of science and technology represent only the surface level;the deeper issues lie in breaking down the barrier between the two systems of science,technology,and ethics.The key to promoting the ethical governance of biotechnology is to accurately grasp the basic ways and mechanisms through which scientific and technological activities affect the ethical field.Constructing an ethics system for biotechnology that resonates with Chinese characteristics requires a deep understanding of the basic national conditions in the field of biotechnology ethics in China.It involves delving into the core of biotechnology innovation,not merely its periphery.Scientists,government authorities,and policymakers of science and technology ethics should immerse themselves in the front line of biotechnology innovation and the frontier practices of science and technology ethics issues to refine theories.Participating in the global ethical governance of biotechnology means serving China’s strategic goal of“achieving high-level scientific and technological self-reliance”.Acceleration of the systematization of ethical governance of biotechnology in China is both imperative and of considerable importance.First,it is urgent to achieve a future revolution in biotechnology and enhance the sense of responsibility and urgency as well as the strategic opportunities of ethical governance of biotechnology.Second,embracing the general trend of interdisciplinary integration is important to promote the integration of science,technology,and ethics.Finally,it is critical to popularize biotechnology ethics in China to raise public awareness.