运动干预对学龄前儿童体质健康水平的干预效果

Effect of exercise interventions on physical fitness among preschool children

目的了解运动干预对学龄前儿童体质健康水平的干预效果。方法2021年4月,采用分层整群抽样方法,抽取张家港市10所托幼机构3~5岁在园儿童2913人为研究对象,分为干预组(1603人)和对照组(1310人)。对照组参加幼儿园日常体育活动,干预组在此基础上实施针对性运动干预1年,比较两组形态指标(身高、体重)和素质指标(走平衡木、坐位体前屈、双脚连续跳、网球掷远、立定跳远、10米折返跑)的变化情况。结果干预前,2913名儿童体质测评达标率为88.23%,干预组、对照组体质水平总分、综合评级构成差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。干预后,干预组体质测评总分(26.99±3.90)高于对照组(23.59±4.26),测评等级优秀率(11.98%)和良好率(31.07%)均高于对照组(分别为2.90%、13.74%),差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05);6个单项评分干预组均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(t值为6.08~22.05,P值均<0.05)。干预后,干预组超重率(8.86%)、肥胖率(2.12%)均低于对照组(分别为13.51%、4.81%),差异均有统计学意义(χ2值为16.01、16.18,P值均<0.05)。结论针对性运动干预对提高学龄前儿童体质健康水平效果显著。

Objective To examine the effect of exercise interventions on physical fitness among preschool children.Methods A total of 2913 children at ages of 3 to 5 years were sampled using a stratified cluster sampling method from 10 kindergartens in Zhangjiagang City on April 2021,and were assigned into the intervention group(n=1603)and control group(n=1310).Children in the control group participated in daily sport exercises in the kindergartens,while those in the intervention group were given one-year tar-geted exercise interventions in addition to daily sport exercises in the kindergartens.The changes in morphological parameters(height and body weight)and quality indicators(walking on the balance beam,sit-and-reach,two-foot continuous jumping,tennis ball throwing,standing long jump and 10 m shuttle run)were compared between the two groups.Results The proportion of eligible physi-cal fitness was 88.23%among the 2913 children prior to interventions,and there were no significant differences between the interven-tion and control groups in terms of gross score of physical fitness or constituent ratio of comprehensive grading(both P values<0.05).Following interventions,the total score of physical fitness tests was higher in the intervention group[(26.99±3.90)points]than in the control group[(23.59±4.26)points](P<0.05),and the percentages of grades excellence(11.98%vs.2.90%,P<0.05)and good(31.07%vs.13.74%,P<0.05)were both higher in the intervention group than in the control group.The scores of each of the six items were all greater in the intervention group than in the control group(t=6.08 to 22.05,all P values<0.05).In addition,the proportions of overweight(χ2=16.01,P<0.05)and obesity(χ2=16.18,P<0.05)were both lower in the intervention group than in the control group.Conclusions Targeted exercise interventions may remarkably increase the physical fitness among preschool children.