2017—2021年乡村振兴背景下江西省农村环境危害因素调查

Hazardous factors of rural environments in Jiangsu Province from 2017 to 2021 in the context of rural revitalization

目的了解江西省农村环境健康危害因素的水平及动态变化情况。方法2017—2021年,按多阶段抽样在江西省选取27个县、540个行政村和2700户家庭进行调查,了解行政村基本情况、公厕建造和使用情况、垃圾和污水相关情况,农户家中厕所与粪便无害化情况、垃圾和污水处理情况等。结果2017—2021年项目县垃圾处理厂数量有所减少,污水处理厂有所增加,不同年度垃圾和污水处理厂人口覆盖率差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为12.55、12.00,P值均<0.05);村民主要经济来源于外出务工的占52.26%,来源于种植的占40.44%。2017—2021年调查的行政村垃圾集中转运率为95.89%,生活污水处理率14.89%,生活垃圾丢弃地点以垃圾箱为主(89.35%),生活污水以排入明沟为主(39.65%)。农村卫生厕所覆盖率为93.44%,卫生厕所以三格式为主(91.03%),卫生厕所粪便处理以排入沟塘为主(41.53%)。结论随着政策的推行,垃圾处理、厕所卫生等农村环境因素有所改善,但部分地区生活污水排放、厕所粪便还未得到有效处理。

Objective To identify the hazardous factors of rural environments and their dynamic changes in Jiangsu Province.Methods A total of 2700 households in 540 administrative villages were sampled from 27 counties in Jiangxi Province using a multi-stage sampling method from 2017 to 2021.The basic characteristics of administrative villages,building and use of public toilets,garbage and sewage disposal,and household toilets and decontamination of feces were analyzed.Results The number of garbage disposal facto-ries reduced and the number of sewage disposal factories increased in the study counties from 2017 to 2021,and there were significant differences in the population coverage rates of garbage and sewage disposal factories among years(χ2=12.545 and 11.999,both P val-ues<0.05).The main economic incomes included migrant labor(52.26%)and planting(40.44%).In addition,the percentage of gar-bage centralized transfer was 95.89%and the percentage of domestic sewage disposal was 14.89%in the study administrative villages from 2017 to 2021.Dustbin was the main place for discarding domestic garbage,and domestic sewage was mainly discharged into open drains(39.65%).In addition,the coverage of rural sanitary toilets was 93.44%,with three-compartment as the main type of rural sani-tary toilets(91.03%),and the disposal of feces in sanitary toilets was mainly discharged into ponds(41.53%).Conclusions The environmental factors have improved with the implementation of rural revitalization in Jiangxi Province,including garbage disposal and toilet hygiene;however,the discharge of domestic sewage and toilet feces have not been effectively disposed in some regions.