基于历时语料库的英诗汉译词汇特征研究

Investigating Lexical Features of Translated and Non-translated Chinese Poems:A Diachronic Corpus(1918-2018)Study

本研究创建了百年英诗汉译历时复合语料库(1918-2018),从共时和历时两个角度,客观揭示了汉语译诗区别于汉语新诗的宏观层面词汇特征及历时演变规律。研究结果如下:(1)在共时层面上,相较于新诗的原创作品,译诗的词汇丰富性更高,代词、介词、连词的使用更多,但助词和语气词的使用更少。(2)从历时维度看,不同时期的译诗和新诗在词汇丰富性上均呈增长趋势,但译诗的增长幅度大于新诗;前两个时期(1918-1949、1950-1977),译诗的实词使用少于新诗,虚词多于新诗,但第三时期(1978-2018)则与前两时期相反。总体而言,与非诗歌类体裁相比,诗歌翻译的词汇特征具有其自身的特点,这些特点既是诗歌体裁使然,也是特定的翻译方法使然。

This study constructs a diachronic corpus(1918-2018)to investigate the macro lexical features of translated and non-translated Chinese poetic texts synchronically and diachronically.Research findings are as follows.Synchronically,in comparison with non-translated Chinese poems,translated poems exhibit higher vocabulary richness,using more pronouns,prepositions,and conjunctions,while utilizing fewer auxiliaries and modal particles.Diachronically,there is an evident trend towards increased vocabulary richness observed in both translated and non-translated poems,but translated poems display a greater growth in vocabulary richness compared to non-translated ones.During the first two periods(1918-1949;1950-1977),translated poems demonstrate lower frequency of content words but higher frequency of function words when compared to their non-translated counterparts.Conversely,in the third period(1978-2018),there is a higher frequency of content words,but lower frequency of function words found in translated poems than those in non-translated ones.Overall,this study reveals that certain lexical features differ between translated poetic texts and other types of translated texts due to the nature of poetry as a genre and specific translation methods.