如何提升职业教育吸引力——基于法国职业教育近五年系列改革的启示

How to Improve the Attractiveness of Vocational Education--Insights Based on a Series of Reforms of Vocational Education in France in the Past Five Years

职业教育作为培养技术技能型人才的主阵地,是我国建设社会主义现代化强国、构建技能型社会的关键支撑。然而,目前职业教育在整个教育体系中的吸引力明显不足,溯史追渊,主要由于职业教育鄙薄观念古已有之,也因当前职业教育制度设计存有缺陷、职业教育机制运行不够顺畅。法国近年来为进一步提升职业教育吸引力,持续推进职业教育改革,继2018年发布11份改革文件后,2023年5月又发布《使职业高中成为年轻人和企业未来选择的12项措施》,从理念引领、内容优化、主体赋权、共同体施力四大方面发力,通过强调以学习者为中心、深耕课教改革、增强教师教育动能、倡导利益相关者共筑职业学校等举措增强职业教育吸引力,对我国提升职业教育吸引力具有重要借鉴价值。

As the main position of training technical and skilled talents,vocational education is the key support for building a modern socialist power and a skilled society in China.However,at present,the attractiveness of vocational education in the whole education system is obviously insufficient,tracing back the history,mainly because of the ancient concept of vocational education disdain,but also because of the current vocational education system design defects,vocational education mechanism is not smoothly operated.In recent years,in order to further enhance the attractiveness of vocational education and continue to promote the reform of vocational education,France issued 11 reform documents in 2018,and in May 2023,it issued the"12 Measures to Make Vocational High Schools the Future Choice of Young People and Enterprises",which made efforts from four aspects:concept guidance,contents optimization,subject empowerment and community contribution.The attractiveness of vocational education is enhanced through major measures such as emphasizing learnercentered,deepening curriculum reform,enhancing the momentum of teacher education,and advocating stakeholders to build vocational schools together.The series of reforms of French vocational education in the past five years is of great value for China to enhance the attractiveness of vocational education.